Liu Y D, Wang Y R, Xing W L, Feng L, Guo S, Dai P, Zheng X Y
APEC Health Science Academy (HeSAY), Peking University/Institute of Population Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2023 Feb 14;103(6):436-441. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112137-20221124-02485.
To estimate the prevalence of visual disability, hearing disability and comorbidity of visual and hearing disability among the elderly in China, and explore the related factors of comorbidity of visual and hearing disability in the elderly. This was a cross-sectional study. Based on the Second China National Sample Survey on Disability in 2006, the data of the elderly with visual and hearing disability were extracted and combined for descriptive analysis. Meanwhile, multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the related factors of comorbidity of visual and hearing disability among the elderly. A total of 250 752 cases were in the final analysis (119 120 males and 131 632 females), and there were 164 003, 74 156 and 12 593 cases with the age of 65-<75, 75-<85 and ≥ 85 years, respectively. The prevalence of visual disability and hearing disability of the elderly in China was 8.10% (95%: 8.00%-8.21%), 13.41% (95%: 13.29%-13.54%), respectively, while the prevalence of comorbidity of visual and hearing disability was 1.97% (95%: 1.92%-2.02%). The severity of disability of the elderly with comorbidity of visual and hearing disability was higher, and the percentage of mild disabilities (18.31%, 966/5 277) was lower than those with visual (53.06%, 11 208/21 123) or hearing disabilities (32.96%, 11 536/34 995). Moreover, 19.40% (1 024/5 277) of visual or hearing disability occurred in the same year. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that education level below primary school (=0.65, 95%: 0.61-0.70, <0.001), having a spouse (=0.68, 95%: 0.64-0.72, <0.001), living in an urban area (=0.77, 95%: 0.71-0.82, <0.001) and having a per capita household income higher than the national average (=0.73, 95%: 0.68-0.78, <0.001) were protective factors for comorbidity of visual and hearing disability among the elderly. Visual disability is correlated with hearing disability in the elderly. Attention should be paid to the prevention and control of associated disabilities such as visual and hearing co-disabilities in the elderly population, with emphasis on strengthening publicity and education on prevention and control of visual and hearing disabilities for the elderly who are economically disadvantaged, have no spouse and live in remote areas.
为估算中国老年人视力残疾、听力残疾以及视力与听力残疾合并症的患病率，并探讨老年人视力与听力残疾合并症的相关因素。这是一项横断面研究。基于2006年第二次全国残疾人抽样调查，提取并合并视力和听力残疾老年人的数据进行描述性分析。同时，采用多因素logistic回归模型分析老年人视力与听力残疾合并症的相关因素。最终纳入分析250752例（男性119120例，女性131632例），其中年龄65～<75岁、75～<85岁、≥85岁者分别有164003例、74156例和12593例。中国老年人视力残疾患病率为8.10%（95%：8.00%～8.21%），听力残疾患病率为13.41%（95%：13.29%～13.54%），视力与听力残疾合并症患病率为1.97%（95%：1.92%～2.02%）。视力与听力残疾合并症老年人的残疾严重程度更高，轻度残疾比例（18.31%，966/5277）低于视力残疾者（53.06%，11208/21123）或听力残疾者（32.96%，11536/34995）。此外，19.40%（1024/5277）的视力或听力残疾发生在同一年。多因素logistic回归分析显示，小学及以下文化程度（比值比=0.65，95%：0.61～0.70，P<0.001）、有配偶（比值比=0.68，95%：0.64～0.72，P<0.001）、居住在城市地区（比值比=0.77，95%：0.71～0.82，P<0.001）以及家庭人均收入高于全国平均水平（比值比=0.73，95%：0.68～0.78，P<0.001）是老年人视力与听力残疾合并症的保护因素。老年人视力残疾与听力残疾相关。应关注老年人群视力和听力等相关残疾的防控，重点加强对经济条件差、无配偶、居住在偏远地区老年人视力和听力残疾防控知识的宣传教育。
