HeSAY/Institute of Population Research, Peking University, Beijing, China.
School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
Front Public Health. 2024 Jan 18;12:1289188. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1289188. eCollection 2024.
To investigate the prevalence of cataract-induced visual disability and its association with individual-level socioeconomic status (SES) among older adults in China.
Using the data of 354,743 older adults (60 years and older) from the Second China National Sample Survey on Disability in 2006. Cross-sectional study design was applied. The differences in visual disability prevalence of cataracts among sociodemographic subgroups were analyzed by the chi-square test, and the association between individual-level SES and cataract-induced visual disability was investigated by the multivariate logistic regression model.
The weighted visual disability prevalence of cataracts was 4.84% in 2006. Older people with a higher household income (OR = 0.83, 95% CI: 0.81-0.85), higher education level (primary school vs. illiteracy: OR = 0.80, 95% CI: 0.76-0.83; ≥undergraduate college vs. illiteracy: OR = 0.31, 95% CI: 0.25-0.39), and occupation (OR = 0.53, 95% CI: 0.50-0.56) were less likely to suffer from cataract-induced visual disability. Household income and education level increase played a greater role in decreasing the risk of visual disability caused by cataracts in urban areas, while having occupation contributed more to reducing the risk of disability in rural areas.
The gap in individual-level SES is closely related to the visual health inequities among older Chinese people and there are two distinct mechanisms in rural and urban areas. Strategies to promote collaborative healthcare development regionally, strengthen safeguards for disadvantaged groups, and increase public awareness of visual disability prevention are warranted.
调查中国老年人白内障致盲的流行情况及其与个体社会经济地位（SES）的关系。
利用 2006 年第二次全国残疾人抽样调查中 354743 名 60 岁及以上老年人的数据。采用横断面研究设计。用卡方检验分析白内障致盲在不同社会人口亚组间的差异，用多因素 logistic 回归模型分析个体 SES 与白内障致盲的关系。
2006 年加权白内障致盲率为 4.84%。家庭收入较高（OR=0.83，95%CI：0.81-0.85）、文化程度较高（小学及以下vs.文盲：OR=0.80，95%CI：0.76-0.83；≥大学本科 vs.文盲：OR=0.31，95%CI：0.25-0.39）和职业（OR=0.53，95%CI：0.50-0.56）的老年人发生白内障致盲的可能性较低。家庭收入和文化程度的提高在降低城市地区白内障致盲风险方面作用更大，而职业在降低农村地区残疾风险方面贡献更大。
个体 SES 差距与中国老年人视觉健康不平等密切相关，城乡地区存在两种不同的机制。需要采取策略促进区域性协同医疗发展，加强对弱势群体的保障，提高公众对预防视觉残疾的认识。
