Tu Chun-Lin, Yang Run-Bai, Ma Yi-Qi, Linghu Chang-Wei, Zhao Rui-Gang, He Cheng-Zhong
Kunming Natural Resources Comprehensive Investigation Center, China Geological Survey, Kunming 650100, China.
Huan Jing Ke Xue. 2023 Feb 8;44(2):740-751. doi: 10.13227/j.hjkx.202204313.
Tuochangjiang River is a typical mining-type watershed in the karst mountainous area of western Guizhou province. The study of its hydrochemical evolution characteristics and driving factors is of great significance to the local economic development and the scientific management of water resources. The samples of river water, spring water, and mine water in the Tuochangjiang River Basin were collected, and the sources of solutes and their contribution to the chemical components of river water were discussed by means of hydrochemical diagrams, mathematical statistics, and the absolute principal component scores-multivariate linear regression model (APCS-MLR). The results showed that the pH of the river water ranged between 7.30 to 8.31, and the TDS value ranged between 40 to 520 mg·L, which was mainly contributed by Ca, Na, HCO, and SO. The dominant cations in river water were Ca and Na, the dominant anions were HCO and SO, and the main water chemistry transitioned from HCO-Ca to HCO-Ca·Na and HCO·SO-Ca·Na type, whereas that of the mine water was mainly the HCO-Na and HCO·SO-Na types. The chemical composition of river water was affected by rock weathering, exchange adsorption of anions, mineral dissolution and precipitation, and human activities, in which Ca, Mg, and HCO were mainly derived from the weathering and dissolution of carbonate and silicate rocks, Naand SO were mainly from the discharge of mining wastewater, and Cl and NO were affected by domestic sewage and agricultural activities, respectively. APCS-MLR analysis further showed that the river water solutes mainly included five sources:discharge of mining wastewater, dissolution of soil minerals, geological background, agricultural activities, and unknown sources, and their contribution rates to river water were 23.49%, 35.04%, 13.87%, 7.96%, and 20.63%, respectively. Mining factors and soil factors were the most important sources of solutes in the river water, and they were the main driving factors for the hydrochemical evolution of the Tuochangjiang River Basin.
拖长江是贵州省西部喀斯特山区典型的矿业型流域。研究其水化学演化特征及驱动因素对当地经济发展和水资源科学管理具有重要意义。采集了拖长江流域河水、泉水和矿井水样本，通过水化学图、数理统计以及绝对主成分得分 - 多元线性回归模型（APCS - MLR）探讨了溶质来源及其对河流水化学成分的贡献。结果表明，河水pH值在7.30至8.31之间，总溶解固体（TDS）值在40至520mg·L之间，主要由Ca、Na、HCO₃⁻和SO₄²⁻贡献。河水中的主要阳离子为Ca和Na，主要阴离子为HCO₃⁻和SO₄²⁻，主要水化学类型从HCO₃⁻ - Ca型转变为HCO₃⁻ - Ca·Na型和HCO₃⁻·SO₄²⁻ - Ca·Na型，而矿井水主要为HCO₃⁻ - Na型和HCO₃⁻·SO₄²⁻ - Na型。河流水化学成分受岩石风化、阴离子交换吸附、矿物溶解与沉淀以及人类活动影响，其中Ca、Mg和HCO₃⁻主要来源于碳酸盐岩和硅酸盐岩的风化溶解，Na⁺和SO₄²⁻主要来自采矿废水排放，Cl⁻和NO₃⁻分别受生活污水和农业活动影响。APCS - MLR分析进一步表明，河水中溶质主要包括五个来源：采矿废水排放、土壤矿物溶解、地质背景、农业活动和未知来源，它们对河水的贡献率分别为23.49%、35.04%、13.87%、7.96%和20.63%。采矿因素和土壤因素是河水中溶质的最重要来源，也是拖长江流域水化学演化的主要驱动因素。
