Tao Lan-Chu, Cun De-Xin, Tu Chun-Lin, Ma Yi-Qi, Liu Zhen-Nan, Yin Lin-Hu, He Cheng-Zhong, Pang Long, Zhang Qi-Dao
Kunming General Survey of Natural Resources Center, China Geological Survey, Technology Innovation Center for Natural Ecosystem Carbon Sink, Ministry of Natural Resources, Kunming 650100, China.
College of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China.
Huan Jing Ke Xue. 2023 Nov 8;44(11):6025-6037. doi: 10.13227/j.hjkx.202212204.
The Kuaize River is a small typical karst watershed in the source area of the Pearl River as well as an important coal mining area in Eastern Yunnan with a fragile ecological environment. Strengthening the research on the water environment in the region plays an important role in supporting the comprehensive management of the ecological environment and water resources in the source region of the Pearl River. Through the systematic collection of surface water, karst groundwater, and mine water samples, mathematical statistics analysis, correlation analysis, ion ratio analysis, absolute principal component scores multiple linear regression(APCS-MLR), and other methods were used to study the characteristics of hydrochemical evolution and control factors in Kuaize River Basin. The results showed that the average pH value of surface water in Kuaize River Basin was 7.8, which was weakly alkaline. The main cations were Ca and Na, showing the characteristics of Ca>Na>Mg>K. The main anions were HCO and SO, showing the characteristics of HCO>SO>NO>Cl. The variation coefficients of Na, SO, and NO in surface water were high, showing strong spatial variability. The water chemical type of the trunk stream was mainly HCO-Ca, whereas the water chemical type of the tributary was relatively complex, mainly HCO-Ca, HCO-Ca·Na, and HCO·SO-Ca·Na. The chemical composition of surface water was mainly affected by rock weathering, cation exchange, and human activities. Ca, Mg, Na, and HCO in surface water mainly came from the weathering of carbonate rock and silicate rock; SO mainly came from the oxidation of sulfide, such as pyrite in coal seams; K, Cl, and NO mainly came from domestic sewage and agricultural activities. The APCS-MLR receptor model analysis results showed that the surface water in the Kuaize River Basin was mainly affected by sulfide oxidation, carbonate weathering, weathering of silicate rock in mine water, domestic sewage, agricultural activities, and unknown sources. In general, the contribution rate of human activities such as mining, domestic sewage, and agricultural activities to the surface water reached 47.17%, indicating that human activities were the key driving factor of surface water chemistry in the Kuaize River Basin.
块泽河是珠江源区典型的小型岩溶流域，也是滇东重要的煤炭开采区，生态环境脆弱。加强该区域水环境研究对支撑珠江源区生态环境和水资源综合治理具有重要意义。通过系统采集地表水、岩溶地下水和矿井水样品，采用数理统计分析、相关性分析、离子比值分析、绝对主成分得分多元线性回归（APCS-MLR）等方法，研究了块泽河流域水化学演化特征及控制因素。结果表明，块泽河流域地表水的平均pH值为7.8，呈弱碱性。主要阳离子为Ca和Na，表现为Ca>Na>Mg>K的特征。主要阴离子为HCO和SO，表现为HCO>SO>NO>Cl的特征。地表水中Na、SO和NO的变异系数较高，具有较强的空间变异性。干流的水化学类型主要为HCO-Ca，而支流的水化学类型相对复杂，主要为HCO-Ca、HCO-Ca·Na和HCO·SO-Ca·Na。地表水的化学成分主要受岩石风化、阳离子交换和人类活动影响。地表水中的Ca、Mg、Na和HCO主要来自碳酸盐岩和硅酸盐岩的风化；SO主要来自硫化物的氧化，如煤层中的黄铁矿；K、Cl和NO主要来自生活污水和农业活动。APCS-MLR受体模型分析结果表明，块泽河流域地表水主要受硫化物氧化、碳酸盐风化、矿井水中硅酸盐岩风化、生活污水、农业活动及未知来源影响。总体而言，采矿、生活污水和农业活动等人类活动对地表水的贡献率达到47.17%，表明人类活动是块泽河流域地表水化学的关键驱动因素。
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