青少年自我同意接种 COVID-19 疫苗：医护人员及其青少年子女对疫苗自主权的看法。
Adolescent Self-Consent for COVID-19 Vaccination: Views of Healthcare Workers and Their Adolescent Children on Vaccination Autonomy.
机构信息
National Clinician Scholars Program, Division of General Medicine & Health Services Research, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, California; Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California.
National Clinician Scholars Program, Division of General Medicine & Health Services Research, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, California.
出版信息
J Adolesc Health. 2023 May;72(5):674-681. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2022.12.018. Epub 2023 Feb 10.
PURPOSE
This study explored the perceptions of healthcare worker parents (physicians, nurses, and staff) and their adolescents (aged 12-17 years) on adolescent self-consent to COVID-19 vaccination by applying the concept of positive deviance of those already vaccinated against COVID-19.
METHODS
We used a qualitative descriptive design to conduct individual, semi-structured interviews with COVID-19-vaccinated healthcare workers in Southern California and their vaccinated adolescent children. Separate interviews were conducted with parents and adolescents from November to December 2021 using digital phone conferencing software. All interviews were recorded and transcribed. Thematic and constant comparative analysis techniques were used to identify relevant themes and subthemes.
RESULTS
Twenty one healthcare workers (9 nurses, one nurse practitioner, one technologist, and 10 physicians) and their adolescents (N = 17) participated. Three overarching themes were identified to describe participants' perspectives about adolescent self-consent for COVID-19 vaccination: (1) Family values and practices around adolescent vaccination; (2) Differences in parent and adolescent support for vaccine self-consent laws; and (3) Parent and adolescent uncertainty on readiness for vaccine self-consent laws. Adolescents largely supported self-consent while parents supported the policy if they would be able to have a discussion with their adolescent prior to the decision.
DISCUSSION
Parents and adolescents supported adolescent self-consent for COVID-19 vaccination, with the reservation that adolescents should discuss the decision alongside their parents to exercise their medical autonomy with supportive guidance. Greater adolescent involvement in making decisions and providing self-consent for healthcare, including vaccines, could prepare adolescents to have a greater sense of autonomy over their health and contribute to population health measures.
目的
本研究通过应用已接种 COVID-19 疫苗者的积极偏差概念，探讨了医护人员父母（医生、护士和工作人员）及其青少年（12-17 岁）对青少年自行同意接种 COVID-19 疫苗的看法。
方法
我们采用定性描述设计，于 2021 年 11 月至 12 月期间，通过数字电话会议软件对南加州已接种 COVID-19 疫苗的医护人员及其已接种疫苗的青少年子女进行了单独的半结构式访谈。对父母和青少年进行了单独的访谈。使用主题和恒定比较分析技术来识别相关的主题和子主题。
结果
共有 21 名医护人员（9 名护士、1 名护士从业者、1 名技术员和 10 名医生）及其青少年（N=17）参与了研究。确定了三个总体主题来描述参与者对青少年自行同意接种 COVID-19 疫苗的看法：（1）家庭对青少年接种疫苗的价值观和做法；（2）父母和青少年对疫苗自决法律的支持程度不同；（3）父母和青少年对疫苗自决法律的准备情况不确定。青少年大多支持自决，而父母则支持如果他们能够在做出决定之前与青少年进行讨论，那么他们会支持该政策。
讨论
父母和青少年支持青少年自行同意接种 COVID-19 疫苗，但前提是青少年应在与父母讨论决定的同时，在支持性指导下行使其医疗自主权。让青少年更多地参与决策并自行同意接受包括疫苗在内的医疗服务，可能会使青少年对自己的健康更有自主权，并有助于实施人口健康措施。
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