Mitrašinović Aleksandar M, Radosavljević Milinko
Institute of Technical Sciences of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts Kneza Mihaila 35/IV Belgrade 11000 Serbia.
Mining Institute Batajnički put 2 Zemun 11080 Serbia.
Glob Chall. 2022 Oct 28;7(2):2200146. doi: 10.1002/gch2.202200146. eCollection 2023 Feb.
Photovoltaic silicon converts sunlight in 95% of the operational commercial solar cells and has the potential to become a leading material in harvesting energy from renewable sources, but silicon can hardly convert clean energy due to technologies required for its reduction from sand and further purification. The implementation of the novel materials into photovoltaic systems depends on their conversion efficiency limited by the material's inherent properties, longevity dependent on internal stability, and ease of manufacturing process. A major challenge is discovering a multilayered set of different photovoltaic materials capable of converting clean energy from a wider spectra range since emerging materials and technologies such as dye-sensitized and quantum dots suffer from low conversion efficiencies while perovskite and organic cells have short longevity in atmospheric conditions. Presently, improving technologies for commercialized materials and creating multijunction solar cells enhanced by new photovoltaic materials is a path toward cleaner energies. With the rapid development of the integrative technologies and challenges that photovoltaics for clean energy conversion are facing, the entire clean photovoltaic industry could arise by bottom-up course as a part of integrative technologies rather than erecting large power plants.
在95%的商用太阳能电池中，光伏硅可将阳光转化为电能，并且有潜力成为从可再生能源中获取能量的主要材料。然而，由于需要从沙子中还原硅并进一步提纯，硅很难转化为清洁能源。将新型材料应用于光伏系统，取决于它们的转换效率（受材料固有特性限制）、取决于内部稳定性的寿命以及制造过程的难易程度。一个主要挑战是发现一组多层不同的光伏材料，能够从更宽的光谱范围转换清洁能源，因为诸如染料敏化和量子点等新兴材料和技术存在转换效率低的问题，而钙钛矿和有机电池在大气条件下寿命较短。目前，改进商业化材料的技术并制造由新型光伏材料增强的多结太阳能电池，是通往更清洁能源的一条道路。随着集成技术的快速发展以及清洁能源转换光伏面临的挑战，整个清洁光伏产业可能会作为集成技术的一部分，通过自下而上的过程兴起，而不是建造大型发电厂。
