Bidzan-Bluma Ilona, Jochimek Magdalena, Lipowska Małgorzata
Institute of Psychology, 49646University of Gdańsk, Gdansk, Poland.
Department of Psychology, 74802Gdańsk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdansk, Poland.
Percept Mot Skills. 2023 Apr;130(2):714-731. doi: 10.1177/00315125231156722. Epub 2023 Feb 13.
Our main aim in this study was to investigate cognitive functioning in young gymnasts. The study group consisted of 86 children, aged 10-12 years: (a) a criterion group of 41 juvenile athletes ( = 11.23; = 0.93) who trained six times per week; and (b) a comparison group of 45 children ( = 11.11; = 0.61) who were not involved competitively in sports but who were mostly quite physically active. We measured attention, memory processes, and bioelectrical brain activity in the central region (Cz; where there are connections to motor control, movement, and sensation). We found significant differences between our two participant groups in short-term memory, deferred naming memory, and long-term memory of visual material. Children who practiced gymnastics had a better attention span than those who did not, and children who were non-athletes but who undertook physical activity more frequently than five times per week had a different theta/sensory motor rhythm (SMR) brain wave ratio (with SMR higher), meaning that they felt calmer and more relaxed.
本研究的主要目的是调查年轻体操运动员的认知功能。研究组由86名10至12岁的儿童组成：(a) 一个标准组，包括41名青少年运动员（平均年龄 = 11.23岁；标准差 = 0.93），他们每周训练六次；(b) 一个对照组，包括45名儿童（平均年龄 = 11.11岁；标准差 = 0.61），他们不参加竞技体育，但大多相当活跃。我们测量了注意力、记忆过程以及大脑中部区域（Cz；与运动控制、运动和感觉有联系的部位）的生物电活动。我们发现，两个参与组在视觉材料的短期记忆、延迟命名记忆和长期记忆方面存在显著差异。练习体操的儿童比不练习的儿童注意力持续时间更长，而非运动员但每周进行体育活动超过五次的儿童有不同的θ/感觉运动节律（SMR）脑电波比率（SMR较高），这意味着他们感觉更平静、更放松。
