Department of Intervention Research in Exercise Training, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
Department of Fitness and Health, IST University of Applied Sciences, Duesseldorf, Germany.
Eur J Sport Sci. 2023 Aug;23(8):1622-1628. doi: 10.1080/17461391.2023.2180671. Epub 2023 Mar 6.
Peak oxygen uptake (VOpeak) and speed at first (LT1, minimal lactate equivalent) and second lactate threshold (LT2 = LT1 +1.5 mmol·L) are crucial swimming performance surrogates. The present randomized controlled study investigated the effects of blood flow restriction (BFR) during low-intensity swimming (LiT) on VOpeak, LT1, and LT2. Eighteen male swimmers (22.7 ±3.0 yrs; 69.9 ±8.5 kg; 1.8 ±0.1 m) were either assigned to the BFR or control (noBFR) group. While BFR was applied during LiT, noBFR completed the identical LIT without BFR application. BFR of the upper limb was applied via customized pneumatic cuffs (75% of occlusion pressure: 135 ±10 mmHg; 8 cm cuff width). BFR training took place three times a week over 5 weeks (accumulated weekly net BFR training: 60 min·week; occlusion per session: 2-times 10 min·session) and was used exclusively at low intensities. VOpeak, LT1, and LT2 diagnostics were employed. Bayesian credible intervals revealed notable VOpeak improvements by +0.29 L·min kg (95% credible interval: -0.26 to +0.85 L·min kg) when comparing BFR vs. noBFR. Speed at LT1 -0.01 m·s (-0.04 to +0.02 m·s) and LT2 -0.01 m·s (-0.03 to +0.02 m·s) did not change meaningfully when BFR was employed. Fifteen sessions of LIT swimming (macrocycle of 5 h over 5 weeks) with a weekly volume of 60 min with BFR application adds additional impact on VOpeak improvement compared to noBFR LIT swimming. Occasional BFR applications should be considered as a promising means to improve relevant performance surrogates in trained swimmers.Low-intensity swimming with blood flow restricted (BFR) induced superior peak oxygen consumption adaptations compared to non-restricted swimming training over a 5-week lasting training periodBFR and non-BFR swimming training-induced similar adaptations regarding swimming speed at first and second lactate thresholdIn conclusion, BFR served as a feasible, promising and beneficial complementary training stimuli to traditional swimming training regarding oxygen consumption adaptations.
峰值摄氧量（VOpeak）和首次乳酸阈速度（LT1，最小乳酸当量）和第二次乳酸阈速度（LT2=LT1+1.5mmol·L）是游泳表现的关键替代指标。本随机对照研究探讨了低强度游泳期间血流限制（BFR）对 VOpeak、LT1 和 LT2 的影响。18 名男性游泳运动员（22.7±3.0 岁；69.9±8.5kg；1.8±0.1m）被分为 BFR 或对照组（非 BFR）。在进行 LiT 时应用 BFR，非 BFR 在没有 BFR 应用的情况下完成相同的 LiT。上肢的 BFR 通过定制的气动袖带（闭塞压力的 75%：135±10mmHg；8cm 袖带宽度）施加。BFR 训练每周进行 3 次，共 5 周（累计每周净 BFR 训练：60min·周；每次闭塞：2 次 10min·次），并仅在低强度下使用。进行了 VOpeak、LT1 和 LT2 诊断。贝叶斯可信区间显示，与非 BFR 相比，BFR 使 VOpeak 显著提高+0.29L·min·kg（95%可信区间：-0.26 至+0.85L·min·kg）。当使用 BFR 时，LT1 的速度-0.01m·s（-0.04 至+0.02m·s）和 LT2 的速度-0.01m·s（-0.03 至+0.02m·s）没有显著变化。与非 BFR 低强度游泳相比，在 5 周的训练周期内，每周进行 60 分钟的 15 次低强度游泳（5 小时的大周期），外加 BFR 应用，可使 VOpeak 改善更具影响力。在 5 周的训练期间，与非限制游泳训练相比，血流限制（BFR）诱导的低强度游泳引起了更高的峰值耗氧量适应。BFR 和非 BFR 游泳训练引起的首次和第二次乳酸阈速度的适应相似。总之，BFR 是一种可行、有前途和有益的补充训练刺激，可用于传统游泳训练的耗氧量适应。
