Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Child and Adolescent Habilitation, Region Värmland, Karlstad, Sweden.
Appl Neuropsychol Child. 2024 Oct-Dec;13(4):306-315. doi: 10.1080/21622965.2023.2176232. Epub 2023 Feb 13.
The Working Memory Index (WMI) in the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC) has been suggested to be associated with ADHD symptoms. The relationship between WMI and ADHD symptoms in the general population is not clear. The study aimed to examine the association between working memory (WM) and behavioral regulation (BR), and hyperactivity/inattention (HI) in a general population sample of 7-8-year-olds, and whether general intellectual functioning is associated with BR and HI. The study also examined if those with low WMI also fulfill elevated ADHD criteria. The study group ( = 865) was assessed with the WISC (Fourth edition), the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function, the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, and the Five to Fifteen Questionnaire, and divided into three groups based on WM function, and in relation to BR and/or HI problems. The associations between WM and BR, and WM and HI, including intellectual functioning as covariate, were examined. WM deficits were found in 22%, but the majority of those had no BR or HI problems. Four percent in the study group had WM deficits combined with BR and/or HI problems, and in about one third of those inattentive ADHD criteria were fulfilled. WM and prosocial behavior were associated with BR and HI. WM deficits measured with WISC WMI in 7-8-year-olds do not always signal BR and/or HI problems.
韦氏儿童智力量表（WISC）中的工作记忆指数（WMI）被认为与 ADHD 症状有关。WMI 与一般人群中 ADHD 症状之间的关系尚不清楚。本研究旨在探讨一般人群中 7-8 岁儿童工作记忆（WM）与行为调节（BR）和多动/注意力不集中（HI）之间的关系，以及一般智力功能是否与 BR 和 HI 相关。本研究还探讨了那些 WM 较低的儿童是否也符合 ADHD 标准。研究组（n=865）接受了 WISC（第四版）、行为评定量表的执行功能、长处与困难问卷和 5-15 岁问卷的评估，并根据 WM 功能分为三组，与 BR 和/或 HI 问题有关。研究考察了 WM 与 BR 和 WM 与 HI 之间的关系，包括智力功能作为协变量。研究发现 22%的儿童存在 WM 缺陷，但大多数儿童没有 BR 或 HI 问题。研究组中有 4%的儿童存在 WM 缺陷，并伴有 BR 和/或 HI 问题，其中约三分之一的儿童符合注意力缺陷多动障碍标准。WM 和亲社会行为与 BR 和 HI 有关。在 7-8 岁儿童中，使用 WISC WMI 测量的 WM 缺陷并不总是预示着 BR 和/或 HI 问题。
