Devos Perrine, Filali Ahlem, Grau Paloma, Gillot Sylvie
INRAE, UR REVERSAAL, F-69625, Villeurbanne, France.
Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, UR PROSE, F-92761, Antony, France.
Water Res. 2023 Apr 1;232:119620. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.119620. Epub 2023 Jan 17.
This review compiles information on sidestream characteristics that result from anaerobic digestion dewatering (conventional and preceded by a thermal hydrolysis process), biological and primary sludge thickening. The objective is to define a range of concentrations for the different characteristics found in literature and to confront them with the optimal operating conditions of sidestream processes for nutrient treatment or recovery. Each characteristic of sidestream (TSS, VSS, COD, N, P, Al, Ca, Cl, Fe, Mg, K, Na, SO, heavy metals, micro-pollutants and pathogens) is discussed according to the water resource recovery facility configuration, wastewater characteristics and implications for the recovery of nitrogen and phosphorus based on current published knowledge on the processes implemented at full-scale. The thorough analysis of sidestream characteristics shows that anaerobic digestion sidestreams have the highest ammonium content compared to biological and primary sludge sidestreams. Phosphate content in anaerobic digestion sidestreams depends on the type of applied phosphorus treatment but is also highly dependent on precipitation reactions within the digester. Thermal Hydrolysis Process (THP) mainly impacts COD, N and alkalinity content in anaerobic digestion sidestreams. Surprisingly, the concentration of phosphate is not higher compared to conventional anaerobic digestion, thus offering more attractive recovery possibilities upstream of the digester rather than in sidestreams. All sidestream processes investigated in the present study (struvite, partial nitrification/anammox, ammonia stripping, membranes, bioelectrochemical system, electrodialysis, ion exchange system and algae production) suffer from residual TSS in sidestreams. Above a certain threshold, residual COD and ions can also deteriorate the performance of the process or the purity of the final nutrient-based product. This article also provides a list of characteristics to measure to help in the choice of a specific process.
本综述汇编了厌氧消化脱水（传统方法以及先进行热水解处理的方法）、生物污泥和初沉污泥浓缩所产生的侧流特性信息。目的是确定文献中发现的不同特性的浓度范围，并将它们与用于营养物处理或回收的侧流工艺的最佳运行条件进行对比。根据水资源回收设施配置、废水特性以及基于目前已发表的关于全规模实施工艺的知识对氮和磷回收的影响，讨论了侧流的每种特性（总悬浮固体、挥发性悬浮固体、化学需氧量、氮、磷、铝、钙、氯、铁、镁、钾、钠、硫酸根、重金属、微污染物和病原体）。对侧流特性的深入分析表明，与生物污泥和初沉污泥侧流相比，厌氧消化侧流的铵含量最高。厌氧消化侧流中的磷酸盐含量取决于所应用的磷处理类型，但也高度依赖于消化池内的沉淀反应。热水解工艺（THP）主要影响厌氧消化侧流中的化学需氧量、氮和碱度含量。令人惊讶的是，与传统厌氧消化相比，磷酸盐浓度并不更高，因此在消化池上游而非侧流中提供了更具吸引力的回收可能性。本研究中调查的所有侧流工艺（鸟粪石、部分硝化/厌氧氨氧化、氨汽提、膜、生物电化学系统、电渗析、离子交换系统和藻类生产）都存在侧流中残留总悬浮固体的问题。超过一定阈值后，残留的化学需氧量和离子也会降低工艺性能或最终基于营养物产品的纯度。本文还提供了一份用于测量的特性清单，以帮助选择特定工艺。
