Smith C J, Norman R L
Cell Biology and Anatomy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock 79430.
Endocrinology. 1987 Dec;121(6):2192-8. doi: 10.1210/endo-121-6-2192.
Circadian and ultradian patterns of plasma cortisol were assessed in four intact female rhesus macaques during both the late follicular (days 9-10) and midluteal (days 21-22) phases of the menstrual cycle and compared to patterns in four ovariectomized macaques. Blood samples were drawn from a remote site at 15-min intervals for 24 h via an indwelling catheter. Measures of estrogen and progesterone were obtained for each subject. For purposes of data analyses, group cortisol measurements were collapsed across hourly intervals and submitted to analysis of variance. Pulsatile characteristics of cortisol release were determined for each subject using the PULSAR computer program. Circadian cortisol patterns, present in all three groups, were characterized by a progressive rise during early morning hours (0300-0600 h), followed by a decline of short duration. All groups then displayed an unexpected midday peak (0900-1400 h), at which time cortisol levels reached their daily zenith. In each of the three groups, cortisol levels reached a nadir during late afternoon hours shortly after the light phase ended. The amplitude of circadian changes and daily mean levels of cortisol were significantly reduced by ovariectomy, without alterations in pulsatile characteristics of cortisol secretion. Daily mean cortisol levels decreased from approximately 8 micrograms/100 ml in intact subjects to 4.5 micrograms/100 ml after ovariectomy. No significant differences in the circadian/ultradian periodicity of cortisol secretion were detected between the follicular and luteal groups. When data in the intact female groups were combined and compared to those previously obtained from gonadally intact adult male macaques, similar 24-h patterns of cortisol secretion were detected. Surprisingly, amplitude changes in cortisol concentrations after ovariectomy were temporally and quantitatively similar to those in orchidectomized males. In both male and female animals, circadian patterns of cortisol secretion were reduced by gonadectomy. These results are discussed in terms of the activational influence of gonadal steroids on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical function.
在月经周期的卵泡晚期（第9 - 10天）和黄体中期（第21 - 22天），对4只未切除卵巢的雌性恒河猴的血浆皮质醇昼夜节律和超日节律进行了评估，并与4只卵巢切除的猕猴的节律进行比较。通过留置导管，每隔15分钟从一个偏远部位采集血样，持续24小时。获取了每个受试者的雌激素和孕酮测量值。为了进行数据分析，将每组的皮质醇测量值按小时间隔合并，并进行方差分析。使用PULSAR计算机程序确定每个受试者皮质醇释放的脉冲特征。所有三组均存在昼夜皮质醇节律，其特征是清晨时段（03:00 - 06:00）逐渐升高，随后是短时间下降。然后所有组均出现意外的中午峰值（09:00 - 14:00），此时皮质醇水平达到每日最高值。在三组中的每一组中，皮质醇水平在光照阶段结束后不久的傍晚时段达到最低点。卵巢切除显著降低了昼夜变化幅度和皮质醇的每日平均水平，而皮质醇分泌的脉冲特征没有改变。完整受试者的每日平均皮质醇水平从约8微克/100毫升降至卵巢切除后的4.5微克/100毫升。卵泡期和黄体期组之间未检测到皮质醇分泌的昼夜/超日周期的显著差异。当将未切除卵巢的雌性组的数据合并并与先前从性腺完整的成年雄性恒河猴获得的数据进行比较时，检测到类似的24小时皮质醇分泌模式。令人惊讶的是，卵巢切除后皮质醇浓度的幅度变化在时间和数量上与睾丸切除的雄性相似。在雄性和雌性动物中，性腺切除均降低了皮质醇分泌的昼夜节律。根据性腺类固醇对下丘脑 - 垂体 - 肾上腺皮质功能的激活作用对这些结果进行了讨论。
