Kaplan R M, Hartwell S L
Center for Behavioral Medicine, San Diego State University, CA 92182.
Health Psychol. 1987;6(5):387-98. doi: 10.1037//0278-6133.6.5.387.
Patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) were advised to comply with a complex behavioral regimen of diet and exercise. The relationship between social support satisfaction and social support network size was evaluated using the Social Support Questionnaire for 32 men and 44 women with a confirmed diagnosis of NIDDM. Control of diabetes, as measured by the glycosylated hemoglobin assay, was significantly correlated with social support satisfaction for women but negatively correlated with social support satisfaction for men. Social support network size differentially predicted success in a program for men and women. For women, network size was significantly correlated with failure to attend sessions and with failure to complete a diary. For these women, network size was not significantly correlated with weight loss, which was the goal of the program. For men, network size was correlated with increases in weight, cholesterol, and triglycerides over an 18-month period. We conclude that social support network size and satisfaction have different functions for men and women faced with a serious chronic illness. Network size adversely affects success in a program, whereas social support satisfaction has some benefits for women. The direction of the influence of social network may be determined by the similarity or dissimilarity of network norms to the desired behavior.
非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病（NIDDM）患者被建议遵守饮食和运动的复杂行为方案。使用社会支持问卷对32名男性和44名确诊为NIDDM的女性评估社会支持满意度与社会支持网络规模之间的关系。通过糖化血红蛋白检测衡量的糖尿病控制情况，与女性的社会支持满意度显著相关，但与男性的社会支持满意度呈负相关。社会支持网络规模对男性和女性项目成功的预测存在差异。对于女性，网络规模与未能参加课程以及未能完成日记显著相关。对于这些女性，网络规模与作为项目目标的体重减轻没有显著相关性。对于男性，网络规模与18个月期间体重、胆固醇和甘油三酯的增加相关。我们得出结论，对于面临严重慢性病的男性和女性，社会支持网络规模和满意度具有不同的功能。网络规模对项目成功有不利影响，而社会支持满意度对女性有一些益处。社会网络影响的方向可能由网络规范与期望行为的相似或不同来决定。
