Sallinen Suvi, Susi Hanna, Halliday Fletcher, Laine Anna-Liisa
Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 1 (PO box 65), 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zürich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
Evol Ecol. 2023;37(1):131-151. doi: 10.1007/s10682-022-10182-9. Epub 2022 May 19.
Interactions among parasite species coinfecting the same host individual can have far reaching consequences for parasite ecology and evolution. How these within-host interactions affect epidemics may depend on two non-exclusive mechanisms: parasite growth and reproduction within hosts, and parasite transmission between hosts. Yet, how these two mechanisms operate under coinfection, and how sensitive they are to the composition of the coinfecting parasite community, remains poorly understood. Here, we test the hypothesis that the relationship between within- and between-host transmission of the fungal pathogen, is affected by co-occurring parasites infecting the host plant, . We conducted a field experiment manipulating the parasite community of transmission source plants, then tracked within-host transmission, as well as between-host transmission to naïve recipient plants. We find that coinfection with the powdery mildew pathogen, , causes increased between-host transmission of by affecting the number of infected flower stalks in the source plants, resulting from altered auto-infection. In contrast, coinfection with viruses did not have an effect on either within- or between-host transmission. We then analyzed data on the occurrence of in 2018 and the powdery mildew in a multi-year survey data set from natural host populations to test whether the positive association predicted by our experimental results is evident in field epidemiological data. Consistent with our experimental findings, we observed a positive association in the occurrence of and historical powdery mildew persistence. Jointly, our experimental and epidemiological results suggest that within- and between-host transmission of depends on the identity of coinfecting parasites, with potentially far-reaching effects on disease dynamics and parasite co-occurrence patterns in wild populations.
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10682-022-10182-9.
同时感染同一宿主个体的寄生虫物种之间的相互作用，可能会对寄生虫生态学和进化产生深远影响。这些宿主体内的相互作用如何影响流行病，可能取决于两种并非相互排斥的机制：寄生虫在宿主体内的生长和繁殖，以及寄生虫在宿主之间的传播。然而，这两种机制在共感染情况下如何运作，以及它们对共感染寄生虫群落组成的敏感程度，仍然知之甚少。在这里，我们检验这样一个假设，即真菌病原体在宿主内和宿主间传播的关系，会受到感染宿主植物的同时出现的寄生虫的影响。我们进行了一项田间实验，操纵传播源植物的寄生虫群落，然后追踪在宿主内的传播，以及向未感染的受体植物的宿主间传播。我们发现，与白粉病病原体共同感染，会通过影响源植物中受感染花茎的数量，导致的宿主间传播增加，这是由改变的自身感染引起的。相比之下，与病毒共同感染对宿主内或宿主间传播均无影响。然后，我们分析了2018年出现的数据以及来自自然宿主种群的多年调查数据集中的白粉病数据，以检验我们实验结果预测的正相关关系在田间流行病学数据中是否明显。与我们的实验结果一致，我们观察到出现与历史白粉病持续性之间存在正相关关系。综合来看，我们的实验和流行病学结果表明，在宿主内和宿主间的传播取决于共感染寄生虫的种类，这可能对野生种群中的疾病动态和寄生虫共现模式产生深远影响。
在线版本包含可在10.1007/s10682-022-10182-9获取的补充材料。
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