The Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi Pakistan.
Department of Urology, Sheikh Shakhbout Medical City, Mayo clinic, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
J Pak Med Assoc. 2023 Feb;73(Suppl 1)(2):S69-S74. doi: 10.47391/JPMA.AKUS-11.
Stem cell research is rapidly expanding and has provided novel concepts in understanding and managing various diseases. Recent progress in translational and experimental urology has given insight about their utilization in the treatment and regeneration of urological structures. Chronic degenerative and neurological conditions affecting the lower urinary tract (LUT) are excellent targets for stem cell therapy. Their role has been particularly studied in bladder dysfunction, painful bladder syndrome, bladder outflow obstruction, stress urinary incontinence, erectile dysfunction, and urethral regeneration. However, the translation of this research in clinical domain is slow. Furthermore, regeneration of kidney using stem cells has been explored but remains challenging due to complexities of nephrons. Stem cells research in uro-oncology, especially bladder and prostate cancer, provided significant insight in understanding of pathogenesis processes and expanded potential therapeutic options. This review is centered to discuss application of stem cells and regenerative medicine in urology particularly human subject clinical studies and trials published in recent years.
干细胞研究正在迅速发展，并为理解和治疗各种疾病提供了新的概念。最近在转化和实验泌尿科方面的进展使人们深入了解了它们在治疗和重建泌尿科结构方面的应用。影响下尿路（LUT）的慢性退行性和神经病变是干细胞治疗的理想靶点。它们在膀胱功能障碍、疼痛性膀胱综合征、膀胱流出道梗阻、压力性尿失禁、勃起功能障碍和尿道再生中的作用已得到特别研究。然而，这项研究在临床领域的转化速度较慢。此外，利用干细胞再生肾脏的研究虽然已经探索过，但由于肾单位的复杂性，仍然具有挑战性。在尿路上皮肿瘤学（特别是膀胱癌和前列腺癌）中的干细胞研究，为了解发病机制过程并扩大潜在的治疗选择提供了重要的见解。本综述重点讨论了干细胞和再生医学在泌尿科的应用，特别是近年来发表的人体临床研究和试验。
