Amatucci Laura, Luise Diana, Luppi Andrea, Virdis Sara, Prosperi Alice, Cirelli Agatha, Bosco Claudia, Trevisi Paolo
Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Viale G. Fanin 46, 40127, Bologna, Italy.
Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), "Bruno Ubertini"-Via Bianchi, 9, 25124, Brescia, Italy.
Porcine Health Manag. 2023 Feb 15;9(1):4. doi: 10.1186/s40813-022-00297-4.
Nowadays, body and tail lesions and respiratory disease are some of the greatest problems affecting the health and welfare of pigs. The aim of the study was to measure the prevalence of pleurisy, bronchopneumonia (enzootic pneumonia like lesions) and lesions on tail and body of heavy pigs subjected or not to tail docking through the inspection in Italian abattoirs. Additionally, the effect of tail docking and season was investigated on carcass quality (weight, % of lean meat, and Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) classification). For this purpose, a total 17.256 carcasses belonging to 171 batches from 103 farms were inspected in an Italian abattoir between 2019 and 2022. Enzootic pneumonia (EP) like lesions were scored according to the Madec and Derrien method, while pleurisy was scored using the Italian Slaughterhouse pleuritic evaluation system (SPES). For the tail and body, the lesions were scored according to Welfare Quality. The lesion score index (LSI) was calculated for each area. Data were analysed using a general linear model (GLM) including tail caudectomy, season and distance of the farm from the abattoir.
The warm season increased the percentage of lesions in carcasses in all parts of the body observed (P < 0.0001). The presence of undocked tail increased the LSI of the tail (P < 0.0001). The percentage of limbs lesions with score 2 and limbs LSI increase with increasing duration of transport (coef. = 0.003, P < 0.001; coef. = 0.008, P < 0.001; respectively). The hot carcass weight and the percentage of carcasses included in the PDO were higher in batches with docked tails (P = 0.027; P < 0.001, respectively), while the percentage of lean meat was higher in batches with undocked tails (P < 0.001). There was a negative correlation between the percentage of carcasses included in PDO and the LSI of tail (r = - 0.422; P < 0.001).
In conclusion, the presence of the undocked tail and the warm season can be considered risk factors for the prevalence of tail lesions, while long transport can increase limb lesions. Furthermore, the carcass weight and meat quality were negatively influenced by tail lesions.
如今，猪的身体和尾部病变以及呼吸道疾病是影响猪健康和福利的一些最严重问题。本研究的目的是通过在意大利屠宰场进行检查，测量经过或未经过断尾处理的育肥猪胸膜炎、支气管肺炎（类似地方流行性肺炎的病变）以及尾部和身体病变的发生率。此外，还研究了断尾和季节对胴体品质（重量、瘦肉百分比和原产地保护（PDO）分类）的影响。为此，2019年至2022年期间，在意大利一家屠宰场对来自103个农场的171批共17256头胴体进行了检查。类似地方流行性肺炎（EP）的病变根据马德克（Madec）和德里安（Derrien）方法进行评分，而胸膜炎则使用意大利屠宰场胸膜炎评估系统（SPES）进行评分。对于尾部和身体，病变根据福利质量进行评分。计算每个区域的病变评分指数（LSI）。使用包括断尾、季节和农场与屠宰场距离的一般线性模型（GLM）对数据进行分析。
温暖季节增加了所观察到的胴体身体各部位病变的百分比（P < 0.0001）。未断尾的存在增加了尾部的LSI（P < 0.0001）。随着运输时间的延长，评分为2的肢体病变百分比和肢体LSI增加（系数分别为0.003，P < 0.001；系数为0.008，P < 0.001）。断尾批次的热胴体重量和纳入PDO的胴体百分比更高（分别为P = 0.027；P < 0.001），而未断尾批次的瘦肉百分比更高（P < 0.001）。纳入PDO的胴体百分比与尾部LSI之间存在负相关（r = -0.422；P < 0.001）。
总之，未断尾的存在和温暖季节可被视为尾部病变发生率的风险因素，而长途运输会增加肢体病变。此外，尾部病变对胴体重量和肉质有负面影响。
