Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 28 Czerwca 1956r. 135/147 Street, 61-545, Poznan, Poland.
Radiobiology Laboratory, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Garbary 15 Street, 61-866, Poznan, Poland.
Stem Cell Rev Rep. 2023 Jul;19(5):1185-1213. doi: 10.1007/s12015-023-10517-1. Epub 2023 Feb 15.
The approaches currently used in osteoarthritis (OA) are mainly short-term solutions with unsatisfactory outcomes. Cell-based therapies are still controversial (in terms of the sources of cells and the results) and require strict culture protocol, quality control, and may have side-effects. A distinct population of stromal cells has an interesting secretome composition that is underrated and commonly ends up as biological waste. Their unique properties could be used to improve the existing techniques due to protective and anti-ageing properties.
In this review, we seek to outline the advantages of the use of conditioned media (CM) and exosomes, which render them superior to other cell-based methods, and to summarise current information on the composition of CM and their effect on chondrocytes.
CM are obtainable from a variety of mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) sources, such as adipose tissue, bone marrow and umbilical cord, which is significant to their composition. The components present in CMs include proteins, cytokines, growth factors, chemokines, lipids and ncRNA with a variety of functions. In most in vitro and in vivo studies CM from MSCs had a beneficial effect in enhance processes associated with chondrocyte OA pathomechanism.
This review summarises the information available in the literature on the function of components most commonly detected in MSC-conditioned media, as well as the effect of CM on OA chondrocytes in in vitro culture. It also highlights the need to standardise protocols for obtaining CM, and to conduct clinical trials to transfer the effects obtained in vitro to human subjects.
目前用于骨关节炎（OA）的方法主要是短期解决方案，结果并不令人满意。基于细胞的治疗仍然存在争议（就细胞来源和结果而言），需要严格的培养方案、质量控制，并且可能有副作用。一种独特的基质细胞群体具有有趣的分泌组组成，这一点被低估了，通常最终被视为生物废物。它们独特的特性可用于改善现有的技术，因为它们具有保护和抗衰老特性。
在这篇综述中，我们旨在概述使用条件培养基（CM）和外泌体的优势，这些优势使它们优于其他基于细胞的方法，并总结目前关于 CM 组成及其对软骨细胞影响的信息。
CM 可从多种间充质基质细胞（MSC）来源获得，如脂肪组织、骨髓和脐带，这对其组成很重要。CM 中存在的成分包括具有多种功能的蛋白质、细胞因子、生长因子、趋化因子、脂质和非编码 RNA。在大多数体外和体内研究中，MSC 的 CM 对增强与软骨细胞 OA 病理机制相关的过程具有有益作用。
本综述总结了文献中关于 MSC 条件培养基中最常检测到的成分的功能以及 CM 对体外培养 OA 软骨细胞的影响的信息。它还强调了需要标准化获取 CM 的方案，并进行临床试验，将在体外获得的效果转移到人体受试者。
