Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers Research Unit, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; email:
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
Annu Rev Anim Biosci. 2023 Feb 15;11:1-31. doi: 10.1146/annurev-animal-020420-025011.
Over the past three decades, coronavirus (CoV) diseases have impacted humans more than any other emerging infectious disease. The recent emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019), has resulted in huge economic disruptions and loss of human lives. The SARS-CoV-2 genome was found to mutate more rapidly due to sustained transmission in humans and potentially animals, resulting in variants of concern (VOCs) that threaten global human health. However, the primary difficulties are filling in the current knowledge gaps in terms of the origin and modalities of emergence for these viruses. Because many CoVs threatening human health are suspected to have a zoonotic origin, identifying the animal hosts implicated in the spillover or spillback events would be beneficial for current pandemic management and to prevent future outbreaks. In this review, wesummarize the animal models, zoonotic reservoirs, and cross-species transmission of the emerging human CoVs. Finally, we comment on potential sources of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron VOCs and the new SARS-CoV-2 recombinants currently under investigation.
在过去的三十年中，冠状病毒（CoV）疾病对人类的影响超过了任何其他新发传染病。最近严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2（SARS-CoV-2）的出现，是 COVID-19（2019 年冠状病毒病）的病原体，导致了巨大的经济破坏和人类生命损失。由于 SARS-CoV-2 基因组在人类和潜在动物中持续传播，导致了令人关切的变异株（VOCs）的出现，从而导致了变异株的出现，这对全球人类健康构成了威胁。然而，主要的困难是填补目前关于这些病毒的起源和出现方式的知识空白。由于许多威胁人类健康的 CoV 被怀疑具有动物源，因此确定与溢出或回溢事件有关的动物宿主将有助于当前的大流行管理，并防止未来的爆发。在这篇综述中，我们总结了新兴的人类 CoV 的动物模型、人畜共患宿主和跨物种传播。最后，我们评论了 SARS-CoV-2 Omicron VOCs 的潜在来源和目前正在研究的新 SARS-CoV-2 重组体。
