Shittu Ismaila, Oguzie Judith U, Hernández-Vidal Gustavo, Moreno-Degollado Gustavo, Silva Diego B, Marushchak Lyudmyla V, Trujillo-Vargas Claudia M, Lednicky John A, Gray Gregory C
Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Escobedo 66054, Nuevo León, Mexico.
Viruses. 2025 Mar 18;17(3):433. doi: 10.3390/v17030433.
In February 2024, while conducting surveillance for novel respiratory viruses, we studied four beef cattle farms near Monterrey, Mexico. Nasal swabs were collected from sick and healthy beef cattle along with 3 h aerosol samples. None of the samples had molecular evidence of influenza A viruses. Three (8%) of thirty-six nasal swabs collected from the four farms and four (33.3%) of the twelve bioaerosol specimens had molecular evidence of influenza D virus. Five sick cow nasal swabs and one bioaerosol sample on a single farm had molecular evidence of rodent coronavirus-like (RCoV), an alphacoronavirus. Three (60%) of the five RCoV-positive cattle nasal swabs also had molecular evidence of influenza D. Attempts to isolate the RCoV in Vero-E6, LLC-MK2, MDBK, and L-2 cells were unsuccessful. However, we were able to assemble ~60% of the RCoV genome using next-generation sequencing. The six RCoV-positive samples clustered with RCoV strains identified in China in 2021. During the last 12 months, we have studied an estimated 478 dairy and beef cattle nasal swabs on 11 farms in the US and Mexico, and these RCoV detections are the first we have encountered. While feed contamination cannot be ruled out, given the propensity of CoVs to jump species and that we detected RCoV only in the noses of sick cows on this one farm, we are concerned that these findings could represent an isolated RCoV spillover event. With this report, we are alerting veterinarians and cattle farm owners of our observations that RCoV may be a new cause of bovine respiratory disease.
2024年2月，在对新型呼吸道病毒进行监测时，我们对墨西哥蒙特雷附近的四个肉牛养殖场进行了研究。从患病和健康的肉牛身上采集了鼻拭子，并采集了3小时的气溶胶样本。所有样本均未发现甲型流感病毒的分子证据。从这四个养殖场采集的36份鼻拭子中有3份（8%）以及12份生物气溶胶样本中有4份（33.3%）发现了丁型流感病毒的分子证据。在一个养殖场，5份患病奶牛鼻拭子和1份生物气溶胶样本发现了啮齿动物冠状病毒样病毒（RCoV）的分子证据，RCoV是一种甲型冠状病毒。5份RCoV阳性的奶牛鼻拭子中有3份（60%）也发现了丁型流感病毒的分子证据。尝试在Vero-E6、LLC-MK2、MDBK和L-2细胞中分离RCoV未成功。然而，我们能够使用下一代测序技术组装约60%的RCoV基因组。这6份RCoV阳性样本与2021年在中国鉴定的RCoV毒株聚类。在过去12个月里，我们在美国和墨西哥的11个养殖场研究了约478份奶牛和肉牛鼻拭子，这些RCoV检测结果是我们首次遇到的。虽然不能排除饲料污染的可能性，但考虑到冠状病毒有跨物种传播的倾向，而且我们仅在这一个养殖场的患病奶牛鼻中检测到RCoV，我们担心这些发现可能代表一次孤立的RCoV溢出事件。通过本报告，我们提醒兽医和养牛场主注意我们的观察结果，即RCoV可能是牛呼吸道疾病的一个新病因。
