Department of Neurology, Zhuzhou Central Hospital, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China.
Department of Neurology, First People's Hospital of Changde City, Changde, Hunan, China.
Front Public Health. 2023 Jan 30;11:1081706. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1081706. eCollection 2023.
The relationship between smoking and depression remains controversial. This study aimed to investigate the association between smoking and depression from three aspects: smoking status, smoking volume, and smoking cessation.
Data from adults aged ≥20 who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) between 2005 and 2018 were collected. The study gathered information about the participants' smoking status (never smokers, previous smokers, occasional smokers, daily smokers), smoking quantity per day, and smoking cessation. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), with a score ≥10 indicating the presence of clinically relevant symptoms. Multivariable logistic regression was conducted to evaluate the association of smoking status, daily smoking volume, and smoking cessation duration with depression.
Previous smokers [odds ratio (OR) = 1.25, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.05-1.48] and occasional smokers (OR = 1.84, 95% CI: 1.39-2.45) were associated with a higher risk of depression compared with never smokers. Daily smokers had the highest risk of depression (OR = 2.37, 95% CI: 2.05-2.75). In addition, a tendency toward a positive correlation was observed between daily smoking volume and depression (OR = 1.65, 95% CI: 1.24-2.19) ( for trend < 0.05). Furthermore, the longer the smoking cessation duration, the lower the risk of depression (OR = 0.55, 95% CI: 0.39-0.79) ( for trend < 0.05).
Smoking is a behavior that increases the risk of depression. The higher the smoking frequency and smoking volume, the higher the risk of depression, whereas smoking cessation is associated with decreased risk of depression, and the longer the smoking cessation duration, the lower the risk of depression.
吸烟与抑郁之间的关系仍存在争议。本研究旨在从吸烟状况、吸烟量和戒烟三个方面探讨吸烟与抑郁之间的关系。
收集了 2005 年至 2018 年期间参加国家健康和营养检查调查（NHANES）的年龄≥20 岁成年人的数据。研究收集了参与者吸烟状况（从不吸烟者、曾经吸烟者、偶尔吸烟者、每日吸烟者）、每天吸烟量和戒烟情况的信息。使用患者健康问卷（PHQ-9）评估抑郁症状，得分≥10 表示存在临床相关症状。采用多变量逻辑回归评估吸烟状况、每日吸烟量和戒烟持续时间与抑郁的关系。
与从不吸烟者相比，曾经吸烟者（比值比[OR] = 1.25，95%置信区间[CI]：1.05-1.48）和偶尔吸烟者（OR = 1.84，95% CI：1.39-2.45）患抑郁的风险更高。每日吸烟者患抑郁的风险最高（OR = 2.37，95% CI：2.05-2.75）。此外，每日吸烟量与抑郁之间呈正相关趋势（OR = 1.65，95% CI：1.24-2.19）（趋势检验<0.05）。此外，戒烟持续时间越长，患抑郁的风险越低（OR = 0.55，95% CI：0.39-0.79）（趋势检验<0.05）。
吸烟是增加抑郁风险的行为。吸烟频率和吸烟量越高，患抑郁的风险越高，而戒烟与抑郁风险降低相关，戒烟持续时间越长，患抑郁的风险越低。
