Razi Shokufeh, Yaghmoorian Khojini Javad, Kargarijam Fateme, Panahi Susan, Tahershamsi Zahra, Tajbakhsh Amir, Gheibihayat Seyed Mohammad
Department of Genetics, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
Cell Biochem Funct. 2023 Mar;41(2):152-165. doi: 10.1002/cbf.3780. Epub 2023 Feb 16.
Creating cellular homeostasis within a defined tissue typically relates to the processes of apoptosis and efferocytosis. A great example here is cell debris that must be removed to prevent unwanted inflammatory responses and then reduce autoimmunity. In view of that, defective efferocytosis is often assumed to be responsible for the improper clearance of apoptotic cells (ACs). This predicament triggers off inflammation and even results in disease development. Any disruption of phagocytic receptors, molecules as bridging groups, or signaling routes can also inhibit macrophage efferocytosis and lead to the impaired clearance of the apoptotic body. In this line, macrophages as professional phagocytic cells take the lead in the efferocytosis process. As well, insufficiency in macrophage efferocytosis facilitates the spread of a wide variety of diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases, kidney problems, types of cancer, asthma, and the like. Establishing the functions of macrophages in this respect can be thus useful in the treatment of many diseases. Against this background, this review aimed to recapitulate the knowledge about the mechanisms related to macrophage polarization under physiological or pathological conditions, and shed light on its interaction with efferocytosis.
在特定组织内建立细胞稳态通常与细胞凋亡和胞葬作用过程相关。这里有一个很好的例子，即必须清除细胞碎片以防止不必要的炎症反应，进而降低自身免疫性。鉴于此，人们通常认为胞葬作用缺陷是导致凋亡细胞（ACs）清除不当的原因。这种困境引发炎症，甚至导致疾病发展。吞噬受体、作为桥接基团的分子或信号通路的任何破坏也会抑制巨噬细胞的胞葬作用，并导致凋亡小体清除受损。在这方面，巨噬细胞作为专业的吞噬细胞在胞葬作用过程中起主导作用。此外，巨噬细胞胞葬作用不足会促使多种疾病的传播，包括神经退行性疾病、肾脏问题、各类癌症、哮喘等等。因此，明确巨噬细胞在这方面的功能可能对许多疾病的治疗有用。在此背景下，本综述旨在概括关于生理或病理条件下与巨噬细胞极化相关机制的知识，并阐明其与胞葬作用的相互作用。
