Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
School of Nursing, Niguarda Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
J Adv Nurs. 2023 Aug;79(8):3170-3182. doi: 10.1111/jan.15594. Epub 2023 Feb 16.
The aim of the study was to develop and psychometrically test the Nurse-Patient Mutuality in Chronic Illness (NPM-CI) scale in two versions, one for nurses and one for patients.
A multiphase methodological study was conducted. In the first phase, a qualitative investigation was conducted through interviews and an analysis of the content; inductively, the items of two instruments were generated, one for nurses and one for patients. In the second phase, the content and face validity were assessed through the expert consensus method. In the third phase, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), Cronbach's alpha test, intraclass correlation and Pearson correlation coefficients were conducted to estimate construct, criterion validity and instrument reliability. For each phase, the sample included nurses and patients recruited from a large hospital in Northern Italy. Data collection was conducted between June and September 2021.
Nurse and patient versions of the NPM-CI scale were developed. Two rounds of consensus reduced the items from 39 to 20; content validity index ranged between 0.78 and 1, content validity ratio was 0.94. Face validity indicated clarity and comprehensibility of the items. EFA identified three latent factors for both the scales. Internal consistency was satisfactory, with Cronbach's alphas ranging between .80 and .90. Test-retest stability was suggested, with an intraclass correlation coefficient of .96 (nurse scale) and .97 (patient scale). Predictive validity was established, with a Pearson correlation coefficient of .43 (nurse scale) and 0.55 (patient scale) between the mutuality scales and satisfaction in providing and receiving care.
The results suggest that the NPM-CI scales are sufficiently valid and reliable for the clinical practice among chronic illness patients and the nurses caring for them. A more in-depth exploration of this construct in the context of nursing and patient outcomes is warranted.
Patients were involved in all study phases.
Mutuality is fundamental in the relationship between nurse and patient, based on trust, equality, reciprocity, and mutual respect. The NPM-CI scale was developed and psychometric estimated through a multiphase study in both nurse and patient versions. The NPM-CI scale measures the factors of 'developing and going beyond', 'being the point of reference' and 'deciding and sharing care'. The NPM-CI scale allows us to measure mutuality in clinical practice and research. Expected outcomes and influencing factors for patients and nurses could be associated.
本研究旨在开发护士-患者慢性病互信（NPM-CI）量表，并对其进行心理测量学测试，该量表有护士版和患者版两个版本。
本研究采用多阶段方法进行。在第一阶段，通过访谈和内容分析进行定性研究，由此产生了两个工具的项目，一个是护士版，一个是患者版。在第二阶段，采用专家共识法评估内容和表面效度。在第三阶段，进行探索性因子分析（EFA）、克朗巴赫α系数测试、组内相关系数和皮尔逊相关系数，以评估结构效度、效标效度和工具信度。在每个阶段，样本均包括来自意大利北部一家大医院的护士和患者。数据收集于 2021 年 6 月至 9 月进行。
开发了护士版和患者版的 NPM-CI 量表。经过两轮共识，项目数从 39 项减少到 20 项；内容效度指数在 0.78 到 1 之间，内容效度比为 0.94。表面效度表明项目清晰易懂。EFA 为两个量表确定了三个潜在因素。内部一致性良好，克朗巴赫α系数在 0.80 到 0.90 之间。测试-重测稳定性表明，护士版的组内相关系数为 0.96，患者版为 0.97。预测效度表明，互信量表与提供和接受护理满意度之间的皮尔逊相关系数为 0.43（护士版）和 0.55（患者版）。
结果表明，NPM-CI 量表在慢性病患者及其护理护士的临床实践中具有足够的有效性和可靠性。在护理和患者结局的背景下，更深入地探讨这一结构是有必要的。
患者参与了所有研究阶段。
互信是护士与患者之间关系的基础，基于信任、平等、互惠和相互尊重。NPM-CI 量表通过护士和患者两个版本的多阶段研究开发并进行心理测量学评估。NPM-CI 量表测量了“发展和超越”、“成为参考点”和“决策和分享护理”的因素。NPM-CI 量表使我们能够在临床实践和研究中测量互信。可以将患者和护士的预期结果和影响因素联系起来。
