Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Boston University Chobanian & Avesidian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Laboratory of Human Nutrition, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Thyroid. 2023 Feb;33(2):143-149. doi: 10.1089/thy.2022.0454.
Iodine is an essential component of the hormones produced by the thyroid gland and is, therefore, essential for mammalian life. A landmark trial in the early 20th century definitively demonstrated that iodine supplementation could prevent what was then known as "endemic goiter." Subsequent studies over the next decades demonstrated that iodine deficiency causes a spectrum of disease, including not just goiter, but also cretinism, intellectual impairment, and adverse obstetric outcomes. Salt iodization, first used in Switzerland and the United States in the1920s, has become the mainstay of iodine deficiency prevention efforts. The dramatic reduction in the global prevalence of iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) over the past 30 years represents an outstanding and under-recognized public health achievement. This narrative review provides an overview of critical scientific discoveries and advances in public health nutrition related to the prevention of IDD in the United States and worldwide. This review was written to commemorate the centennial of the founding of the American Thyroid Association.
碘是甲状腺产生的激素的必需组成部分，因此对哺乳动物的生命至关重要。20 世纪初的一项里程碑式试验明确证实，碘补充可以预防当时被称为“地方性甲状腺肿”的疾病。此后几十年的后续研究表明，碘缺乏会导致一系列疾病，不仅包括甲状腺肿，还包括呆小病、智力障碍和不良产科结局。盐碘化，于 20 世纪 20 年代首次在瑞士和美国使用，已成为预防碘缺乏症的主要手段。在过去 30 年中，全球碘缺乏症流行率的急剧下降是一项杰出且未被充分认识的公共卫生成就。本综述概述了与预防美国和全球碘缺乏症相关的重要科学发现和公共卫生营养方面的进展。本综述是为了纪念美国甲状腺协会成立 100 周年而撰写的。
