Catumbela Emanuel, de Lemos Manuel, Nimi Tazi, Têmbua Carlos, Paixão Joana Paula, Kapapelo Alexandre, Kimboka Sabas, Baldé Fanceni, Ngongalah Victor, da Costa Osvaldo, da Conceinção Natália, Fernandes Ema, Fortes Filomeno
Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Agostinho Neto, Luanda, Angola.
Instituto Nacional de Investigação Em Saúde, Luanda, Angola.
J Health Popul Nutr. 2025 May 24;44(1):165. doi: 10.1186/s41043-025-00907-1.
The first evaluation of iodine nutritional status in Angola was carried out in 2006. This involved a limited survey of urinary iodine concentration (UIC) among school-aged children, conducted in 24 schools within the municipalities of Bié Province. Almost all the children had moderate to high levels of iodine deficiency, with a median UIC below 100 μg/L. In 2004, the Iodine Global Network ranked Angola among the world's ten countries with the highest prevalence of iodine deficiency. This study aims to assess the household level of iodized salt and iodine status in women of reproductive age in Angola.
In 2019, we conducted an observational, descriptive, prospective, cross-sectional study, stratified by altitude, using data from the 2014 Census. A multi-stage, proportional stratified sample selected 2250 households across the country, with 450 per province (Luanda, Cuanza Sul, Bie, Cunene, and Moxico). Descriptive statistics (means, medians, frequencies) were used to characterize the variables. Chi-squared and Kruskal-Wallis tests were employed to assess differences in iodine concentration between strata.
Overall, the findings indicated that 74.3% of households used salt containing some iodine, but only 29.2% used salt with adequate iodization (15-40 ppm). The median UIC was 102.2 µg/L in pregnant women and 108.2 µg/L in non-pregnant women. No statistically significant difference was observed between these two groups (p = 0.48).
Key findings of the survey showed that the majority of the population in this study is consuming iodized salt below the range recommended by the World Health Organization. This result highlights the need to review the current iodine deficiency disorder control program and develop a country action plan to ensure that over 90 percent of households sustainably use adequately iodized salt and all women of reproductive age have adequate iodine intake.
安哥拉于2006年首次对碘营养状况进行评估。此次评估对比耶省各城市24所学校的学龄儿童尿碘浓度（UIC）进行了有限的调查。几乎所有儿童都存在中度至高度碘缺乏，尿碘浓度中位数低于100μg/L。2004年，碘全球网络将安哥拉列为世界上碘缺乏患病率最高的十个国家之一。本研究旨在评估安哥拉育龄妇女家庭层面的碘盐使用情况和碘营养状况。
2019年，我们利用2014年人口普查数据进行了一项观察性、描述性、前瞻性横断面研究，并按海拔分层。采用多阶段、比例分层抽样，在全国选取了2250户家庭，每个省（罗安达、南宽扎、比耶、库内内和莫希科）450户。使用描述性统计（均值、中位数、频率）来描述变量。采用卡方检验和克鲁斯卡尔 - 沃利斯检验来评估各层碘浓度的差异。
总体而言，研究结果表明，74.3%的家庭使用含碘盐，但只有29.2%的家庭使用碘含量充足（15 - 40ppm）的盐。孕妇尿碘浓度中位数为102.2µg/L，非孕妇为108.2µg/L。两组之间未观察到统计学上的显著差异（p = 0.48）。
调查的主要结果表明，本研究中的大多数人口食用的碘盐低于世界卫生组织建议的范围。这一结果凸显了有必要审查当前的碘缺乏病控制计划，并制定一项国家行动计划，以确保超过90%的家庭可持续地使用碘含量充足的盐，并且所有育龄妇女都有充足的碘摄入量。
