Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Chandigarh, Punjab, 140401, India.
Government College of Pharmacy, Rohru, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, 171207, India.
Neurochem Res. 2023 Jul;48(7):2029-2058. doi: 10.1007/s11064-023-03873-4. Epub 2023 Feb 16.
Neurological disorders pose a great threat to social health and are a major cause for mortality and morbidity. Effective drug development complemented with the improved drug therapy has made considerable progress towards easing symptoms associated with neurological illnesses, yet poor diagnosis and imprecise understanding of these disorders has led to imperfect treatment options. The scenario is complicated by the inability to extrapolate results of cell culture studies and transgenic models to clinical applications which has stagnated the process of improving drug therapy. In this context, the development of biomarkers has been viewed as beneficial to easing various pathological complications. A biomarker is measured and evaluated in order to gauge the physiological process or a pathological progression of a disease and such a marker can also indicate the clinical or pharmacological response to a therapeutic intervention. The development and identification of biomarkers for neurological disorders involves several issues including the complexity of the brain, unresolved discrepant data from experimental and clinical studies, poor clinical diagnostics, lack of functional endpoints, and high cost and complexity of techniques yet research in the area of biomarkers is highly desired. The present work describes existing biomarkers for various neurological disorders, provides support for the idea that biomarker development may ease our understanding underlying pathophysiology of these disorders and help to design and explore therapeutic targets for effective intervention.
神经系统疾病对社会健康构成巨大威胁，是导致死亡率和发病率的主要原因。有效的药物开发，加上改善的药物治疗，在缓解与神经系统疾病相关的症状方面取得了相当大的进展，但由于诊断不佳和对这些疾病的理解不精确，导致治疗选择不完善。这种情况因无法将细胞培养研究和转基因模型的结果外推到临床应用而变得复杂，从而阻碍了改善药物治疗的进程。在这种情况下，生物标志物的开发被认为有助于缓解各种病理并发症。生物标志物是为了衡量疾病的生理过程或病理进展而测量和评估的，这种标志物也可以指示对治疗干预的临床或药理学反应。神经系统疾病生物标志物的开发和鉴定涉及几个问题，包括大脑的复杂性、实验和临床研究中未解决的不一致数据、临床诊断不佳、缺乏功能终点以及技术的高成本和复杂性，但该领域的生物标志物研究需求量很大。本工作描述了各种神经系统疾病的现有生物标志物，为生物标志物的开发可能有助于我们理解这些疾病的潜在病理生理学并有助于设计和探索治疗靶点以进行有效干预的观点提供了支持。
