IRCCS NEUROMED, Via Atinense, 18, 86077, Pozzilli, Italy.
Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale dell'Università 30, 00185, Rome, Italy.
Sci Rep. 2021 May 10;11(1):9823. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-89168-6.
We aimed to investigate salivary caffeine content, caffeine absorption and metabolism in Parkinson's disease (PD) and verify whether salivary caffeine can be used as a biomarker of PD. We enrolled 98 PD patients and 92 healthy subjects. Caffeine and its major metabolite, paraxanthine, were measured in saliva samples collected before and 4 h after the oral intake of caffeine (100 mg). We measured caffeine absorption as the normalized increase in caffeine levels, and caffeine metabolism as the paraxanthine/caffeine ratio. The Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale part III, the Hoehn & Yahr, the presence of motor complications, and levodopa equivalent dose (LED) were assessed and correlated with caffeine levels, absorption, and metabolism. The effects of demographic and environmental features possibly influencing caffeine levels were also investigated. Caffeine levels were decreased in patients with moderate/advanced PD, while caffeine levels were normal in patients with early and de-novo PD, unrelated to caffeine intake. Caffeine absorption and metabolism were normal in PD. Decreased salivary caffeine levels in PD were associated with higher disease severity, longer duration, and the presence of motor complications, no significant association was found with LED. Salivary caffeine decrease correlates with PD progression.
我们旨在研究帕金森病（PD）患者唾液中的咖啡因含量、咖啡因吸收和代谢情况，并验证唾液中的咖啡因是否可作为 PD 的生物标志物。我们纳入了 98 名 PD 患者和 92 名健康受试者。在口服 100mg 咖啡因前后采集唾液样本，测量咖啡因及其主要代谢产物 1,7-二甲基黄嘌呤（paraxanthine）的水平。我们将咖啡因的吸收定义为咖啡因水平的标准化增加，将咖啡因的代谢定义为 1,7-二甲基黄嘌呤/咖啡因的比值。使用运动障碍协会统一帕金森病评定量表第三部分（Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale part III，MDS-UPDRS-III）、Hoehn & Yahr 分期、运动并发症的存在和左旋多巴等效剂量（levodopa equivalent dose，LED）对患者进行评估，并与咖啡因水平、吸收和代谢进行相关性分析。同时还探讨了可能影响咖啡因水平的人口统计学和环境特征的影响。结果显示，中晚期 PD 患者的唾液咖啡因水平降低，而早期和新发 PD 患者的咖啡因水平正常，与咖啡因摄入无关。PD 患者的咖啡因吸收和代谢均正常。PD 患者唾液中咖啡因水平降低与疾病严重程度较高、病程较长和运动并发症的存在相关，与 LED 无显著相关性。唾液中咖啡因的减少与 PD 的进展相关。
