Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Key Laboratory/Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment, Senior Department of Tuberculosis, The 8th Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
Front Immunol. 2023 Jan 31;14:1118378. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1118378. eCollection 2023.
Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is the only approved vaccine for tuberculosis (TB) prevention worldwide. BCG has an excellent protective effect on miliary tuberculosis and tuberculous meningitis in children or infants. Interestingly, a growing number of studies have shown that BCG vaccination can induce nonspecific and specific immunity to fight against other respiratory disease pathogens, including SARS-CoV-2. The continuous emergence of variants of SARS-CoV-2 makes the protective efficiency of COVID-19-specific vaccines an unprecedented challenge. Therefore, it has been hypothesized that BCG-induced trained immunity might protect against COVID-19 infection. This study comprehensively described BCG-induced nonspecific and specific immunity and the mechanism of trained immunity. In addition, this study also reviewed the research on BCG revaccination to prevent TB, the impact of BCG on other non-tuberculous diseases, and the clinical trials of BCG to prevent COVID-19 infection. These data will provide new evidence to confirm the hypotheses mentioned above.
卡介苗（BCG）是全球唯一获批用于结核病（TB）预防的疫苗。BCG 对儿童或婴儿的粟粒性肺结核和结核性脑膜炎具有极好的保护作用。有趣的是，越来越多的研究表明，BCG 接种可诱导非特异性和特异性免疫，以抵抗包括 SARS-CoV-2 在内的其他呼吸道疾病病原体。SARS-CoV-2 不断出现变异株，使得 COVID-19 特异性疫苗的保护效率面临前所未有的挑战。因此，人们假设 BCG 诱导的训练免疫可能有助于预防 COVID-19 感染。本研究全面描述了 BCG 诱导的非特异性和特异性免疫以及训练免疫的机制。此外，本研究还综述了 BCG 复种预防 TB、BCG 对其他非结核性疾病的影响以及 BCG 预防 COVID-19 感染的临床试验。这些数据将为证实上述假设提供新的证据。
