Wang Qiankun, Shan Liang
Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA.
Infect Dis Immun. 2022 Oct;2(4):248-252. doi: 10.1097/ID9.0000000000000070. Epub 2022 Sep 22.
Innate immune responses are the host's first line of defense against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection, with pattern recognition receptors detecting viral specific pathogen-associated molecular patterns and initiating antiviral responses. In response to HIV-1 nucleic acids or proteins, some pattern recognition receptors have the ability to assemble a large multiprotein complex called the inflammasome, which triggers pro-inflammatory cytokine release and a form of lytic programmed cell death called pyroptosis. Here, we review our current understanding of the mechanism of the inflammasome in sensing HIV-1 infection. Furthermore, we discuss the contribution of inflammasome activation in HIV-1 pathogenesis as well as potential strategies of targeting inflammasome activation for the treatment of HIV-1 infection.
固有免疫反应是宿主抵御1型人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV-1）感染的第一道防线，模式识别受体可检测病毒特异性病原体相关分子模式并启动抗病毒反应。针对HIV-1核酸或蛋白质，一些模式识别受体能够组装一种称为炎性小体的大型多蛋白复合物，该复合物可触发促炎细胞因子释放以及一种称为细胞焦亡的溶细胞程序性细胞死亡形式。在此，我们综述了目前对炎性小体感知HIV-1感染机制的理解。此外，我们讨论了炎性小体激活在HIV-1发病机制中的作用以及针对炎性小体激活的潜在策略在治疗HIV-1感染中的应用。
