Deeks Steven G, Archin Nancie, Cannon Paula, Collins Simon, Jones R Brad, de Jong Marein A W P, Lambotte Olivier, Lamplough Rosanne, Ndung'u Thumbi, Sugarman Jeremy, Tiemessen Caroline T, Vandekerckhove Linos, Lewin Sharon R
University of California San Francisco, San Fransisco, CA, USA.
UNC HIV Cure Center, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Nat Med. 2021 Dec;27(12):2085-2098. doi: 10.1038/s41591-021-01590-5. Epub 2021 Dec 1.
Despite the success of antiretroviral therapy (ART) for people living with HIV, lifelong treatment is required and there is no cure. HIV can integrate in the host genome and persist for the life span of the infected cell. These latently infected cells are not recognized as foreign because they are largely transcriptionally silent, but contain replication-competent virus that drives resurgence of the infection once ART is stopped. With a combination of immune activators, neutralizing antibodies, and therapeutic vaccines, some nonhuman primate models have been cured, providing optimism for these approaches now being evaluated in human clinical trials. In vivo delivery of gene-editing tools to either target the virus, boost immunity or protect cells from infection, also holds promise for future HIV cure strategies. In this Review, we discuss advances related to HIV cure in the last 5 years, highlight remaining knowledge gaps and identify priority areas for research for the next 5 years.
尽管抗逆转录病毒疗法（ART）对艾滋病毒感染者取得了成功，但仍需要终身治疗且无法治愈。艾滋病毒可整合到宿主基因组中，并在受感染细胞的生命周期内持续存在。这些潜伏感染的细胞不被视为外来细胞，因为它们在很大程度上处于转录沉默状态，但含有具有复制能力的病毒，一旦停止抗逆转录病毒疗法，就会导致感染复发。通过免疫激活剂、中和抗体和治疗性疫苗的联合使用，一些非人灵长类动物模型已被治愈，这为目前正在人体临床试验中评估的这些方法带来了希望。在体内递送基因编辑工具以靶向病毒、增强免疫力或保护细胞免受感染，对未来的艾滋病毒治愈策略也具有前景。在本综述中，我们讨论了过去5年中与艾滋病毒治愈相关的进展，突出了仍然存在的知识空白，并确定了未来5年的研究重点领域。
