Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Farming System, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, China.
Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Service Technology, Agricultural Information Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao. 2023 Jan;34(1):107-113. doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202301.016.
To determine the optimal planting density under wide-width sowing condition, we investigated the effects of different planting densities on photosynthetic characteristics of flag leaves, senescence characteristics of flag lea-ves and roots, grain yield, and water use efficiency under four planting density levels, 90×10 plants·hm (D), 180×10 plants·hm (D), 270×10 plants·hm (D) and 360×10 plants·hm (D), in field condition set in Yanzhou, Shandong during the growing season of 2018-2019 and 2019-2020. The results showed that compared with D and D treatments, D treatment significantly improved photosynthetic characteristics of wheat flag leaves during grain filling, increased the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and soluble protein content, reduced the malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and delayed the senescence of flag leaves and roots. Compared with other treatments, D treatment significantly increased root length, root surface area and root volume in 0-40 cm soil layer. Compared with D, D and D treatments, the grain yield of D treatment was increased by 11.8%, 2.5%, 6.4% in 2018-2019 and 22.7%, 5.7%, 17.1% in 2019-2020, respectively. In addition, water use efficiency was increased by 9.2%, 8.8%, 14.2% in 2018-2019 and 21.1%, 6.2%, 21.5% in 2019-2020, respectively. The planting density at 180×10 plants·hm improved photosynthetic characteristics of flag leaves and root morphology during filling stage, delayed plant senescence, increased grain number per spike and grain weight. Consequently, the highest grain yield and water use efficiency were obtained under D treatment, which was the optimal treatment under the experimental wide-width sowing condition.
为了确定宽幅播种条件下的最佳种植密度，我们在山东兖州的田间条件下，于 2018-2019 年和 2019-2020 年生长季，设置了 4 个种植密度水平，即 90×10 株·hm（D）、180×10 株·hm（D）、270×10 株·hm（D）和 360×10 株·hm（D），研究了不同种植密度对小麦旗叶光合特性、旗叶和根系衰老特性、籽粒产量和水分利用效率的影响。结果表明，与 D 和 D 处理相比，D 处理显著提高了灌浆期小麦旗叶的光合特性，增加了超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性和可溶性蛋白含量，降低了丙二醛（MDA）含量，延缓了旗叶和根系的衰老。与其他处理相比，D 处理显著增加了 0-40 cm 土层的根长、根表面积和根体积。与 D、D 和 D 处理相比，D 处理在 2018-2019 年分别提高了 11.8%、2.5%和 6.4%的籽粒产量，在 2019-2020 年分别提高了 22.7%、5.7%和 17.1%的籽粒产量。此外，在 2018-2019 年和 2019-2020 年，D 处理分别提高了 9.2%、8.8%和 14.2%的水分利用效率，提高了 21.1%、6.2%和 21.5%的水分利用效率。在填仓阶段，180×10 株·hm 的种植密度提高了旗叶的光合特性和根系形态，延缓了植株衰老，增加了每穗粒数和粒重。因此，在 D 处理下获得了最高的籽粒产量和水分利用效率，这是在实验宽幅播种条件下的最佳处理。
