College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/National Key Laboratory of Wheat Breeding, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, China.
Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao. 2024 Jul 18;35(7):1833-1842. doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202407.014.
The mechanism for water-saving and high-yield of wide-range precision sowing technology remains unclear. We investigated the impact of wide-range precision sowing on the physiological characteristics of root system, water consumption, and grain yield of wheat 'Jimai 22' during the growing seasons of 2017-2019. We set up two planting modes: wide precision sowing and conventional strip sowing, and three row spacings of 20 cm, 25 cm, and 30 cm under water-saving cultivation with supplemental irrigation to examine the effects of planting modes on root biomass and senescence characteristics of wheat, water utilization characteristics, interplant evaporation, grain yield, and water utilization efficiency. The results showed that the 25 cm treatment (K25) led to an increase in root weight density, root soluble protein content, and root activity by 7.2%-23.9%, 8.7%-25.1%, 10.7%-29.9%, and 7.3%-27.6%, 8.0%-38.5%, 15.2%-32.7%, respectively, compared to the other treatments. At the same row spacing, the wide-range precision sowing treatment showed a significantly higher soil water storage consumption and proportion to total water consumption compared to the conventional strip-tillage treatment. Additionally, irrigation and interplant evaporation were lower in the wide-range precision sowing treatment. The K25 treatment exhibited significantly higher water consumption and modal coefficient of water consumption from flowering to ripening than other treatments. Furthermore, it had significantly higher seed yield, water utilization efficiency, and irrigation utilization efficiency than the other treatments. We found that a 25 cm spacing in the lower rows and density of 180-270 plants·m was the water-saving and high-yielding planting pattern of wide-range precision sowing wheat in Huang-Huai-Hai region.
宽幅精播技术节水高产的机理尚不清楚。本研究于 2017—2019 年在节水补灌条件下，设置宽窄行精播和传统条播 2 种种植模式，以及行距 20、25 和 30 cm 等 3 种行间距，研究了宽窄行精播对济麦 22 根系生理特性、耗水特性、产量及其水分利用效率的影响。结果表明：与其他处理相比，25 cm 处理（K25）下小麦的根重密度、根可溶性蛋白含量和根活力分别增加了 7.2%—23.9%、8.7%—25.1%、10.7%—29.9%和 7.3%—27.6%、8.0%—38.5%、15.2%—32.7%；相同行间距下，宽幅精播处理的土壤贮水消耗量和占总耗水量的比例均显著高于传统条播处理；宽幅精播处理灌水量和棵间蒸发量也显著低于传统条播处理。K25 处理的花后耗水量和耗水模数均显著高于其他处理，产量、水分利用效率和灌溉水利用效率也均显著高于其他处理。在黄淮海地区，小麦宽幅精播的节水高产种植模式为下密上稀，行距 25 cm，密度 180—270 株·m。
