Yu Bo, Qin Si-Jun, Lyu De-Guo
Key Laboratory of Fruit Quality Development and Regulation of Liaoning Province, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao. 2023 Jan;34(1):145-150. doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202301.013.
Natural sod culture in orchard is an effective measure to improve the orchard productivity and promote the sustainable production. To explore the effects of inter-row grass ploughing and returning on soil biological cha-racteristics and nutrient contents, we examined the effects of different grass returning to the field on the amount of soil microorganisms, enzyme activities and nitrogen and potassium contents of 0-20 cm soil layer. There are three treatments, cleaning tillage as the control (CK), conventional mowing management (NG), and soil ploughing annually under natural sod culture with conventional mowing condition (NGR) treatments. The results showed that soil microorganisms were dominated by bacteria, followed by actinomycetes, with the least fungi. Compared with CK, both NG and NGR treatments significantly improved the abundance of soil bacteria and fungi, with the strongest effects in NGR treatment, and significantly increased the soil urease, sucrase and catalase activities by 59.0%, 20.7%, 38.3% and 73.5%, 45.9%, 67.8%, respectively. NGR treatment significantly increased soil nitrogen and potassium contents, with the contents of ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, particulate organic nitrogen, microbial biomass nitrogen, available potassium and water-soluble potassium being 1.5, 1.8, 1.6, 2.0, 1.3 and 1.4 times of that in CK, respectively. NGR significantly increased soluble sugar content and sugar acid ratio and subsequently improved fruit quality. Overall, NGR increased soil microbial abundance, enzyme activities, nitrogen, potassium contents and fruit quality, which could be a feasible management of inter-row grasses in the natural sod culture apple orchard.
果园自然生草栽培是提高果园生产力、促进可持续生产的有效措施。为探究行间种草翻耕还田对土壤生物学特性和养分含量的影响，我们研究了不同种草还田方式对0-20厘米土层土壤微生物数量、酶活性以及氮、钾含量的影响。试验设置了3个处理，分别为清耕处理（CK）、常规割草管理（NG）以及自然生草栽培条件下每年进行土壤翻耕并结合常规割草的处理（NGR）。结果表明，土壤微生物以细菌为主，其次是放线菌，真菌最少。与CK相比，NG和NGR处理均显著提高了土壤细菌和真菌的丰度，其中NGR处理效果最强，且显著提高了土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶和过氧化氢酶活性，分别提高了59.0%、20.7%、38.3%和73.5%、45.9%、67.8%。NGR处理显著提高了土壤氮、钾含量，铵态氮、硝态氮、颗粒有机氮、微生物生物量氮、速效钾和水溶性钾含量分别是CK的1.5、1.8、1.6、2.0、1.3和1.4倍。NGR显著提高了可溶性糖含量和糖酸比，进而改善了果实品质。总体而言，NGR提高了土壤微生物丰度、酶活性、氮、钾含量以及果实品质，这可能是自然生草栽培苹果园行间种草的一种可行管理方式。
