Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, Rajpura, India.
Department of Pharmaceutics, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi, India.
Curr Drug Res Rev. 2023;15(3):207-221. doi: 10.2174/2589977515666230217114449.
Engulfing almost 537 million people, the most commonly occurring metabolic disorder, diabetes mellitus, is emerging as an epidemic worldwide. Diabetes mellitus is identified as a heterogeneous pathological condition that is marked by extreme hyperglycemic (glucose) levels caused by reduced insulin sensitivity. Synthetic antidiabetic medications are widely commercialized but have slowly expressed several inevitable side effects and limitations in treated diabetic subjects. Researchers have been exploring herbal medicine due to its esteemed therapeutic effects. WHO have enlisted almost 21,000 herbal components that have established therapeutic benefit. Several herbs, most of them widely available, have been studied to extract their active phytoconstituents that have effective diabetes management potential with the least risk factor for side effects and acute toxicity. Though acceptable standardization, awareness, and clinical trials are yet to be established before mainstreaming herbal formulation, preclinical studies have confirmed the higher safety and efficacy of several extracted phytoconstituents and formulation in comparative analysis with synthetic products. The authors have also discussed their opinions with regard to the vast usability of herbal components along with the multi-target functionality of several phytoconstituents, as well as the challenges faced for standardizing, formulating, and marketing herbal medicines. Other than this, several cases of clinical trials showing effectivity of herbal antidiabetic aid are mentioned. In this review, an attempt has been made to summarize the potential antidiabetic herbs, marketed herbal formulations, and patented formulations that have established therapeutic prospects to downregulate diabetic conditions.
约有 5.37 亿人患有最常见的代谢紊乱糖尿病，这种疾病正在全球范围内蔓延。糖尿病被认为是一种异质性的病理状况，其特征是由于胰岛素敏感性降低而导致的极度高血糖（葡萄糖）水平。合成抗糖尿病药物已广泛商业化，但在治疗糖尿病患者时已逐渐表现出一些不可避免的副作用和局限性。由于草药具有令人尊敬的治疗效果，研究人员一直在探索草药。世界卫生组织已经列出了近 21000 种具有治疗作用的草药成分。几种草药，其中大多数都很容易获得，已经被研究用于提取其具有有效糖尿病管理潜力的活性植物成分，同时具有最小的副作用和急性毒性风险因素。尽管在主流草药配方之前还需要建立可接受的标准化、意识和临床试验，但临床前研究已经证实了几种提取的植物成分和配方在与合成产品的比较分析中具有更高的安全性和疗效。作者还就草药成分的广泛可用性以及几种植物成分的多靶点功能以及标准化、配方和营销草药所面临的挑战表达了他们的看法。除此之外，还提到了一些临床试验显示草药抗糖尿病辅助治疗有效性的案例。在这篇综述中，我们试图总结具有潜在抗糖尿病作用的草药、市售草药制剂和已确立治疗前景的专利制剂，以调节糖尿病状况。
