Słysz Anna, Urbańska Joanna
Department of Psychology and Cognitive Sciences, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland.
Psychol Health Med. 2023 Jul-Dec;28(9):2660-2671. doi: 10.1080/13548506.2023.2179645. Epub 2023 Feb 17.
The research presented here aimed to determine the psychological consequences of experiencing Poland's coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. We focused on changes in mental health (anxiety and depression symptoms, morbid thoughts, and suicidal ideation) and quality of life. Our retrospective study included 499 adults comprising 316 women and 173 men (aged 18-72, = 27, SD = 12.48). We employed the following research tools: the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-30), the shortened version of the World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire (WHOQOL-BREF), and the abridged version of the Harkavy Asnis Suicide Survey (HASS-BREF) scale to assess the severity of suicidal ideations and behaviors, as well as the Young Schema Questionnaire (YSQ-S3-PL). The questionnaires' instructions for the subjects were modified to obtain information for three specific periods: before the pandemic, at the most difficult time of the pandemic for individuals, and in the last two weeks (the time period preceding data collection; January/February 2021). It emerged that both mental health and quality of life had deteriorated significantly in the studied population. In addition, early maladaptive schemas (Abandonment, Vulnerability to Harm, and Insufficient Self-Control) were likely predictors of mental health deterioration at the most difficult time of the COVID-19 pandemic. The schema of Defectiveness was likely predictor of a lower severity of symptoms of mental health disturbances. If psychological diagnosis covered the identification of thinking patterns typical of maladaptive schemas, which may be a risk factor for mental health deterioration, psychologists could better adapt forms and ways of psychological assistance to the patient's needs.
本文所呈现的研究旨在确定经历波兰2019年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）大流行的心理后果。我们关注心理健康的变化（焦虑和抑郁症状、病态思维及自杀意念）以及生活质量。我们的回顾性研究纳入了499名成年人，其中包括316名女性和173名男性（年龄在18 - 72岁之间，平均年龄 = 27岁，标准差 = 12.48）。我们采用了以下研究工具：一般健康问卷（GHQ - 30）、世界卫生组织生活质量问卷简版（WHOQOL - BREF）、哈卡维 - 阿斯尼斯自杀调查问卷简版（HASS - BREF）量表来评估自杀意念和行为的严重程度，以及青年图式问卷（YSQ - S3 - PL）。针对受试者的问卷说明进行了修改，以获取三个特定时期的信息：大流行之前、对个体而言大流行最艰难的时期以及最后两周（数据收集前的时间段；2021年1月/2月）。结果显示，研究人群的心理健康和生活质量均显著恶化。此外，早期适应不良图式（抛弃、易受伤害、自我控制不足）可能是COVID - 19大流行最艰难时期心理健康恶化的预测因素。缺陷图式可能是心理健康障碍症状严重程度较低的预测因素。如果心理诊断涵盖对典型适应不良图式思维模式的识别，而这可能是心理健康恶化的一个风险因素，那么心理学家就能更好地根据患者需求调整心理援助的形式和方式。
