Chen Lili, Wang Hao, Wang Ziwei, Dong Zhaomin
School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; Beijing Academy of Blockchain and Edge Computing, Beijing 100080, China.
School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2023 May 10;872:162286. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162286. Epub 2023 Feb 16.
Previous estimations on the premature deaths attributable to indoor ambient particulate matter (PM) with aerodynamic diameter < 2.5 μm (PM) of outdoor origin only considered the indoor PM concentration, which always neglected the impact from the distribution of particle size and the PM deposition in human airways. To tackle this issue, we first calculated the premature deaths due to PM was approximately 1,163,864 persons in mainland China in 2018 by using the global disease burden approach. Then, we specified the infiltration factor of PM with aerodynamic diameter < 1 μm (PM) and PM to estimate the indoor PM pollution. Results showed that average concentrations of indoor PM and PM of outdoor origin were 14.1 ± 3.9 μg/m and 17.4 ± 5.4 μg/m, respectively. The indoor PM/PM ratio of outdoor origin was estimated to be 0.83 ± 0.18, which was 36 % higher than the ambient PM/PM ratio (0.61 ± 0.13). Furthermore, we calculated the premature deaths from the indoor exposure of outdoor origin was approximately 734,696, accounting for approximately 63.1 % of total deaths. Our results are 12 % higher than previous estimations neglecting the impact from the distribution disparities of PM between indoor and outdoor. Regarding the cause-specific diseases, indoor PM exposure of outdoor origin accounted for 293,379 deaths to ischemic heart disease, followed by 158,238 deaths to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 134,390 deaths to stroke, 84,346 cases to lung cancer, 52,628 deaths to lower respiratory tract infection, and 11,715 deaths to type 2 diabetes. In addition, we for the first time estimated the indoor PM of outdoor origin has led to approximately 537,717 premature deaths in mainland China. Our results have well demonstrated the health impact may be approximately 10 % higher when considering the effects from infiltration and respiratory tract uptake and physical activity levels, comparing to the treatment that only used outdoor PM concentration.
以往对仅归因于室外来源的空气动力学直径小于2.5微米的室内环境颗粒物（PM2.5）导致的过早死亡的估计仅考虑了室内PM2.5浓度，而一直忽略了粒径分布和PM在人体气道中的沉积的影响。为了解决这个问题，我们首先使用全球疾病负担方法计算出2018年中国大陆因PM2.5导致的过早死亡人数约为1163864人。然后，我们确定了空气动力学直径小于1微米的颗粒物（PM1）和PM2.5的渗透因子，以估算室内PM污染情况。结果显示，室内PM2.5和室外来源PM2.5的平均浓度分别为14.1±3.9微克/立方米和17.4±5.4微克/立方米。室外来源的室内PM2.5/PM1比率估计为0.83±0.18，比环境PM2.5/PM1比率（0.61±0.13）高36%。此外，我们计算出因接触室外来源的室内PM2.5导致的过早死亡人数约为734696人，约占总死亡人数的63.1%。我们的结果比以往忽略室内外PM粒径分布差异影响的估计结果高12%。就特定病因的疾病而言，接触室外来源的室内PM2.5导致293379人死于缺血性心脏病，其次是158238人死于慢性阻塞性肺疾病，134390人死于中风，84346例死于肺癌，52628人死于下呼吸道感染，11715人死于2型糖尿病。此外，我们首次估计出室外来源的室内PM2.5在中国大陆导致了约537717例过早死亡。我们的结果充分表明，与仅使用室外PM2.5浓度的情况相比，考虑到渗透、呼吸道吸收和身体活动水平的影响时，健康影响可能高出约10%。
