Department of Building Science, School of Architecture, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK; MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.
Environ Pollut. 2019 Feb;245:260-271. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.10.082. Epub 2018 Oct 30.
China has one of the highest PM (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter smaller than 2.5 μm) pollution levels in the world. It might still be long before air quality reaches the National Class II standard of 35 μg/m.
We aim to estimate the potential reduction in premature mortality by reducing indoor PM levels in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) region and compare it with reducing outdoor levels.
We combined PM transport model and the Global Burden of Disease (2016) methodology to estimate potential reductions in premature mortality attributable to PM by reducing indoor PM to National Class I standard of 15 μg/m, and compared with reducing outdoor PM to Government 2020 Interim target of 64 μg/m or National Class II standard of 35 μg/m.
A total of 74,000 (95% confidence interval (CI): 43,000-111,000) premature deaths were attributable to PM exposure in 2013. Thirty percent, or 22,000 (95% CI: 17,000-32,000) deaths, would have been averted if indoor PM had reached the National Class I standard. The benefit is greater than that from reaching the Government 2020 Interim target for outdoor PM [22%, or 16,000 (95% CI: 12,000-23,000), deaths], although still smaller than that from reaching the National Class II standard [42%, or 31,000 (95% CI: 24,000-45,000), deaths].
Reaching the National Class I level of indoor PM at current outdoor pollution levels could bring considerable health benefits, which are comparable to those from reaching the Government 2020 Interim target for outdoor PM.
The avertable premature deaths gained from cleaning indoor PM to National Class I standard level would be greater than reducing outdoor PM to Government 2020 Interim target.
中国是世界上颗粒物（空气动力学直径小于 2.5μm 的颗粒）污染水平最高的国家之一。空气质量要达到国家二级标准（35μg/m）可能还需要很长时间。
我们旨在通过降低京津冀地区室内颗粒物水平来估算降低过早死亡率的潜力，并将其与降低室外水平进行比较。
我们结合颗粒物传输模型和全球疾病负担（2016 年）方法，估算了将室内颗粒物降低到国家一级标准（15μg/m）可归因于颗粒物的过早死亡人数的潜在减少量，并将其与将室外颗粒物降低到政府 2020 年暂定目标（64μg/m）或国家二级标准（35μg/m）进行比较。
2013 年，总共有 74000 人（95%置信区间（CI）：43000-111000）死于颗粒物暴露。如果室内颗粒物达到国家一级标准，将有 30%，即 22000 人（95%CI：17000-32000）死亡可得到预防。这一益处大于达到政府 2020 年暂定目标时室外颗粒物的益处[22%，即 16000 人（95%CI：12000-23000）死亡]，尽管仍小于达到国家二级标准时的益处[42%，即 31000 人（95%CI：24000-45000）死亡]。
在当前的室外污染水平下，达到室内颗粒物国家一级标准可以带来相当大的健康益处，这与达到政府 2020 年暂定目标时的室外颗粒物相当。
将室内 PM 清洁至国家一级标准水平可避免的过早死亡人数将大于将室外 PM 降低至政府 2020 年暂定目标的人数。
