Neurosciences Institute, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44130, Jalisco, Mexico.
Computer Sciences Department, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, 44430, Jalisco, Mexico.
Biol Psychol. 2023 Mar;178:108517. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2023.108517. Epub 2023 Feb 17.
The perception of time depends on the rhythmicity of internal and external synchronizers. One external synchronizer that affects time estimation is music. This study aimed to analyze the effects of musical tempi on EEG spectral dynamics during subsequent time estimation. Participants performed a time production task after (i) silence and (ii) listening to music at different tempi -90, 120, and 150 bpm- while EEG activity was recorded. While listening, there was an increase in alpha power at all tempi compared to the resting state and an increase of beta at the fastest tempo. The beta increase persisted during the subsequent time estimations, with higher beta power during the task after listening to music at the fastest tempo than task performance without music. Spectral dynamics in frontal regions showed lower alpha activity in the final stages of time estimations after listening to music at 90- and 120-bpm than in the silence condition and higher beta in the early stages at 150 bpm. Behaviorally, the 120 bpm musical tempo produced slight improvements. Listening to music modified tonic EEG activity that subsequently affected EEG dynamics during time production. Music at a more optimal rate could have benefited temporal expectation and anticipation. The fastest musical tempo may have generated an over-activated state that affected subsequent time estimations. These results emphasize the importance of music as an external stimulus that can affect brain functional organization during time perception even after listening.
时间知觉取决于内部和外部同步器的节奏性。影响时间估计的一个外部同步器是音乐。本研究旨在分析音乐节奏对后续时间估计期间 EEG 频谱动力学的影响。参与者在（i）安静和（ii）在不同节奏-90、120 和 150 bpm-下听音乐后执行时间产生任务，同时记录 EEG 活动。在听音乐时，与静息状态相比，所有节奏都增加了α功率，而最快节奏则增加了β功率。在随后的时间估计中，β功率持续增加，在最快节奏下听音乐后的任务期间比没有音乐的任务期间β功率更高。额叶区域的频谱动态显示，在听 90-和 120-bpm 音乐后的时间估计的最后阶段，α活动低于安静状态，而在 150-bpm 的早期阶段β活动更高。行为上，120 bpm 的音乐节奏略有改善。听音乐改变了紧张的 EEG 活动，随后影响了时间产生期间的 EEG 动力学。更理想节奏的音乐可能会有利于时间预期和预期。最快的音乐节奏可能会产生过度激活状态，从而影响随后的时间估计。这些结果强调了音乐作为外部刺激的重要性，即使在听后，它也可以影响时间感知期间的大脑功能组织。
