Nester M Shae, Pierorazio Nicholas A, Shandler Gavi, Brand Bethany L
Department of Psychology, Towson University, Towson, United States of America.
J Trauma Dissociation. 2023 May-Jun;24(3):333-347. doi: 10.1080/15299732.2023.2181475. Epub 2023 Feb 20.
Upto 86% of dissociative individuals engage in non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI). Research suggests that people who dissociate utilize NSSI to regulate posttraumatic and dissociative experiences, as well asrelated emotions. Despite high rates of NSSI, no quantitative study has examined the characteristics, methods, and functions of NSSIwithin a dissociative population. The present study examined thesedimensions of NSSI among dissociative individuals, as well aspotential predictors of intrapersonal functions of NSSI. The sample included 295 participants who indicated experiencing one or more dissociative symptoms and/or having been diagnosed with a trauma- or dissociation-related disorder. Participants were recruited through online trauma- and dissociation- related forums. Approximately 92% of participants endorsed a history of NSSI. The most common methods of NSSI were interfering with wound healing (67%), hitting oneself (66%), and cutting (63%). After controlling for age and gender, dissociation was uniquely associated with cutting, burning, carving, interfering with wound healing, rubbing skin against rough surfaces, swallowing dangerous substances, and other forms of NSSI. Dissociation was correlated with affect regulation, self-punishment,anti-dissociation, anti-suicide, and self-care functions of NSSI;however, after controlling for age, gender, depressive symptoms, emotion dysregulation, and PTSD symptoms, dissociation was no longer associated with any function of NSSI. Instead, only emotion dysregulation was associated with the self-punishment function ofNSSI and only PTSD symptoms were associated with the anti-dissociation function of NSSI. Understanding the unique properties of NSSI among dissociative individuals may improve the treatment of people who dissociate and engage in NSSI.
高达86%的分离性障碍患者会进行非自杀性自伤（NSSI）。研究表明，有分离症状的人利用NSSI来调节创伤后及分离性体验以及相关情绪。尽管NSSI发生率很高，但尚无定量研究考察过分离性障碍群体中NSSI的特征、方式及功能。本研究考察了分离性障碍患者中NSSI的这些维度，以及NSSI个体功能的潜在预测因素。样本包括295名参与者，他们表示经历过一种或多种分离症状和/或被诊断患有与创伤或分离相关的障碍。参与者通过在线创伤和分离相关论坛招募。约92%的参与者认可有NSSI史。NSSI最常见的方式是妨碍伤口愈合（67%）、击打自己（66%）和切割（63%）。在控制年龄和性别后，分离症状与切割、灼烧、刻划、妨碍伤口愈合、用皮肤摩擦粗糙表面、吞咽危险物质及其他形式的NSSI存在独特关联。分离症状与NSSI的情绪调节、自我惩罚、抗分离、抗自杀及自我护理功能相关；然而，在控制年龄、性别、抑郁症状、情绪失调和创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）症状后，分离症状不再与NSSI的任何功能相关。相反，只有情绪失调与NSSI的自我惩罚功能相关，只有PTSD症状与NSSI的抗分离功能相关。了解分离性障碍患者中NSSI的独特性质可能会改善对有分离症状且有NSSI行为者的治疗。
