亲密伴侣暴力致女性颌面损伤的时空分布。
Spatial-temporal distribution of maxillofacial injuries resulting from intimate partner violence against women.
机构信息
Department of Dentistry, State University of Paraíba, Campina Grande, Brazil.
出版信息
Dent Traumatol. 2024 Mar;40 Suppl 2:82-90. doi: 10.1111/edt.12832. Epub 2023 Mar 3.
BACKGROUND/AIM: Maxillofacial trauma resulting from intimate partner violence (IPV) represents an important oral health problem. In this sense, the aim of this study was to investigate the spatial-temporal distribution of maxillofacial trauma resulting from IPV against women, using a geostatistical approach.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
An ecological study was carried out including the analysis of confirmed IPV cases against women treated at a Center for Forensic Medicine and Dentistry over a four-year observation period, as well as the evaluation of population data from the victims' places of residence extracted from the last demographic census of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. Statistical analysis included: (i) finite mixture modeling to establish incidence trajectory patterns; (ii) Getis-Ord indicator (Gi*) for spatial autocorrelation; (iii) spatial regression analysis (p < .05).
RESULTS
Two distinct trajectory patterns (TP1 and TP2) related to IPV incidence were identified using finite mixture modeling, suggesting spatial-temporal disparities at the regional level. In TP1, it was observed that IPV incidence was relatively low and remained stable over time, covering almost two-thirds (62.0%) of investigated spatial units. TP2 was characterized by higher IPV incidence with a tendency to increase in the last year, including more than one-third of neighborhoods (38.0%). Autocorrelation analysis showed a predominance of hot areas (hotspots) in the Eastern zone (p < .05) and in the Western zone (p < .05); and cold areas (coldspots) in the Northern zone (p < .05). In addition, statistically significant association was observed among neighborhoods with higher percentage of households with family householder without income and higher incidence of maxillofacial trauma resulting from IPV against women (β = 5.305; SE = 1.741; p = .002).
CONCLUSIONS
The findings indicate an association between higher IPV incidence against women, maxillofacial trauma, and socio-spatial vulnerability.
背景/目的：由亲密伴侣暴力（IPV）引起的颌面创伤是一个重要的口腔健康问题。从这个意义上说，本研究的目的是使用地统计学方法调查针对女性的 IPV 引起的颌面创伤的时空分布。
材料和方法
进行了一项生态研究，包括分析在四年观察期内在法医和牙科中心接受治疗的经证实的针对女性的 IPV 案例，以及评估从巴西地理和统计研究所上次人口普查中提取的受害者居住地的人口数据。统计分析包括：（i）有限混合建模以建立发病轨迹模式；（ii）空间自相关的 Getis-Ord 指标（Gi*）；（iii）空间回归分析（p<.05）。
结果
使用有限混合建模确定了与 IPV 发生率相关的两种不同的轨迹模式（TP1 和 TP2），表明区域水平存在时空差异。在 TP1 中，观察到 IPV 发生率相对较低且随时间保持稳定，覆盖了调查的空间单元的近三分之二（62.0%）。TP2 的特点是 IPV 发生率较高，并且最后一年呈上升趋势，包括三分之一以上的街区（38.0%）。自相关分析显示，东部（p<.05）和西部（p<.05）区域存在热点地区（热点）占主导地位；北部（p<.05）存在冷点地区（冷点）。此外，观察到家庭主妇没有收入的家庭比例较高的街区与针对女性的 IPV 引起的颌面创伤发生率较高之间存在统计学显著关联（β=5.305；SE=1.741；p=.002）。
结论
这些发现表明，针对女性的 IPV 发生率较高、颌面创伤和社会空间脆弱性之间存在关联。
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