Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
J Biomed Mater Res A. 2023 May;111(5):609-617. doi: 10.1002/jbm.a.37518. Epub 2023 Feb 20.
Cells integrate endogenous and exogenous mechanical forces to sense and respond to environmental signals. In particular, cell-generated microscale traction forces regulate cellular functions and impact macroscale tissue function and development. Many groups have developed tools for measuring cellular traction forces, including microfabricated post array detectors (mPADs). mPADs are a powerful tool that provides direct traction force measurements through imaging post deflections and utilizing Bernoulli-Euler beam theory. In this technical note, we investigated how mPADs presenting two different top surface areas but similar effective stiffness influence cellular spread area and traction forces for murine embryonic fibroblasts and human mesenchymal stromal cells. When focal adhesion size was restricted via mPAD top surface area, we observed a decrease in both cell spread area and cell traction forces as the mPAD top surface area decreased, but the traction force-cell area linear relationship was maintained, which is indicative of cell contractility. We conclude that the mPAD top surface area is an important parameter to consider when utilizing mPADs to measure cellular traction forces. Furthermore, the slope of the traction force-cell area linear relationship provides a useful metric to characterize cell contractility on mPADs.
细胞整合内源性和外源性机械力,以感知和响应环境信号。特别是,细胞产生的微尺度牵引力调节细胞功能,并影响宏观组织功能和发育。许多研究小组已经开发出用于测量细胞牵引力的工具,包括微制造的柱阵列探测器(mPADs)。mPADs 是一种强大的工具,通过成像柱的挠度并利用伯努利-欧拉梁理论提供直接的牵引力测量。在本技术说明中,我们研究了呈现两种不同的顶表面积但具有相似有效刚度的 mPAD 如何影响小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞和人间充质基质细胞的细胞铺展面积和牵引力。当通过 mPAD 顶表面积限制粘着斑大小时,我们观察到随着 mPAD 顶表面积的减小,细胞铺展面积和细胞牵引力都减小,但牵引力-细胞面积线性关系得以维持,这表明细胞的收缩性。我们得出结论,在使用 mPAD 测量细胞牵引力时,mPAD 的顶表面积是一个重要的考虑因素。此外,牵引力-细胞面积线性关系的斜率为在 mPAD 上表征细胞收缩性提供了一个有用的指标。
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