Adhesion and biofilm formation by the opportunistic pathogen : what do we know?

is among the most important  species in terms of epidemiology, virulence and resistance. Considering the increase in incidence and high rates of mortality associated with this species, knowledge of its adhesion and biofilm formation abilities is needed. These traits determine the persistence and survival of yeast on different indwelling medical devices and host sites. is among the most adherent species, and it has been described as a strong biofilm producer. Environmental factors, phenotypic switching and quorum sensing molecules can affect adhesion and biofilm growth. can form sexual biofilms, which are promoted by mating pheromones. biofilms are regulated by a wide and complex network of genes and signaling pathways that are currently poorly understood. Morphological studies showed improved biofilm architecture, which was related to the expression of several hypha-specific genes. Based on recent updates, research is still needed to increase our knowledge on the genetic network of adhesion and biofilm formation by , as well as the protein diversity that mediates interactions with inert materials and biological surfaces. Here, we have reviewed the main aspects related to adhesion and biofilm formation in and summarized current knowledge on the significance of these virulence factors in this opportunistic species.