Saira G C, Shanthakumar S
Department of Environmental and Water Resources Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, 632014, India.
Centre for Clean Environment, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, 632014, India.
J Environ Manage. 2023 Jun 1;335:117508. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117508. Epub 2023 Feb 21.
In the recent times, more attention is on industrial waste management due to the unaffordable space for dump yards and landfills and the increased charges for waste dumping. Even though the vegan revolution and plant-based meat products are booming, the traditional slaughterhouses and the wastes produced by them continue to be a concern. Waste valorisation is an established procedure striving to create a closed chain process in industries where there is no refuse. Although a highly polluting industry, slaughterhouse industry wastes have been recycled to economically viable leather since ancient times. However, the tannery industry is causing pollution in par with or even more than the slaughterhouses. Effective management of the liquid and solid wastes from the tannery is of utmost concern because of its toxicity. The hazardous wastes generated enter the food chain, causing long term impacts in the ecosystem. Several leather waste transformation processes are widely used in the industries, and they are yielding good products of economic value. However careful exploration into the processes and products of waste valorisation are often ignored as long as the transformed waste product is of higher value than the waste. The most efficient and environmentally friendly waste management technique should convert the refuse into a value-added utilization without any toxic leftovers. Zero waste concept is an extension of the zero liquid discharge concept, where the solid waste is also treated and reused to such an extent that there is no residue to be sent to the landfill. This review initially presents the existing methods for the de-toxification of tannery wastes and examines the possibility of solid waste management within the tannery industry to attain zero waste discharge.
近年来，由于垃圾场和填埋场空间不足且垃圾倾倒费用增加，工业废物管理受到了更多关注。尽管纯素革命和植物性肉类产品蓬勃发展，但传统屠宰场及其产生的废物仍然令人担忧。废物增值是一种既定程序，旨在在没有废弃物的行业中创建一个封闭的循环过程。虽然屠宰业是一个高污染行业，但自古以来，屠宰业的废物就被回收制成经济上可行的皮革。然而，制革业造成的污染与屠宰场相当，甚至超过屠宰场。由于制革业产生的液体和固体废物具有毒性，对其进行有效管理至关重要。产生的危险废物进入食物链，对生态系统造成长期影响。工业中广泛使用几种皮革废物转化工艺，并且它们正在生产具有经济价值的优质产品。然而，只要转化后的废品价值高于废物，对废物增值的工艺和产品的仔细探索往往就会被忽视。最有效和环保的废物管理技术应该将垃圾转化为增值利用，且没有任何有毒残留物。零废物概念是零液体排放概念的延伸，即固体废物也得到处理和再利用，以至于没有残留物被送往填埋场。本综述首先介绍了制革废物解毒的现有方法，并探讨了制革业内固体废物管理以实现零废物排放的可能性。
