Institute for Biomedical Ethics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Institute of History and Ethics in Medicine, School of Social Sciences, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
Department of Political Science & Research Platform Governance of Digital Practices (DigiGov), University of Vienna, Universitätsstraße 7, 1010 Wien, Austria.
Vaccine. 2023 Mar 17;41(12):2084-2092. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.02.012. Epub 2023 Feb 16.
The uptake ofCOVID-19 vaccines has varied considerably across European countries. This study investigates people's decision-making process regarding vaccination by analyzing qualitative interviews (n = 214) with residents from five European countries: Austria, Germany, Italy, Portugal, and Switzerland. We identify three factors that shape vaccination decision-making: individual experiences and pre-existing attitudes towards vaccination, social environment, and socio-political context. Based on this analysis, we present a typology of decision-making regarding COVID-19 vaccines, where some types present stable stances towards vaccines and others change over time. Trust in government and relevant stakeholders, broader social factors, and people's direct social environment were particularly relevant to these dynamics. We conclude that vaccination campaigns should be considered long-term projects (also outside of pandemics) in need of regular adjustment, communication and fine-tuning to ensure public trust. This is particularly pertinent for booster vaccinations, such as COVID-19 or influenza.
COVID-19 疫苗在欧洲各国的接种情况差异很大。本研究通过对来自五个欧洲国家（奥地利、德国、意大利、葡萄牙和瑞士）的居民进行的定性访谈（n=214），分析了人们对疫苗接种的决策过程。我们确定了影响疫苗接种决策的三个因素：个人对疫苗的经验和既有态度、社会环境以及社会政治背景。基于这一分析，我们提出了 COVID-19 疫苗接种决策的分类法，其中一些类型对疫苗的立场稳定，而另一些类型则随时间变化。对政府和相关利益相关者的信任、更广泛的社会因素以及人们的直接社会环境对这些动态特别重要。我们的结论是，疫苗接种运动应该被视为长期项目（即使在大流行之外），需要定期调整、沟通和微调，以确保公众信任。这对于加强针疫苗（如 COVID-19 或流感疫苗）尤为重要。
