与同源和异源新冠疫苗相关的副作用：沙特阿拉伯的一项横断面研究
Side Effects Associated With Homologous and Heterologous COVID-19 Vaccines: A Cross-Sectional Study in Saudi Arabia.
作者信息
Mohammed Rehab A, Yazbik Rowaid S, Baajajah Lujain H, Alharthy Saud F, Alsalahi Hassan, Mahjaa Mohammad A, Barakat Mahmoud M, Badawy Mayar I, Sultan Intessar
机构信息
Department of Internal Medicine, Ibn Sina National College for Medical Studies, Jeddah, SAU.
Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, EGY.
出版信息
Cureus. 2023 Jan 21;15(1):e34030. doi: 10.7759/cureus.34030. eCollection 2023 Jan.
BACKGROUND
Numerous studies on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination safety have been conducted in Saudi Arabia. Even though there is less evidence comparing the side effects of different vaccines and a few of them studied the side effects of mixing different platforms of vaccines.
OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to evaluate the type and severity of adverse effects following COVID-19 vaccination based on the type and platform of received vaccine and to determine factors that contribute to the occurrence of these side effects.
METHODS
This cross-sectional comparative study was conducted in Saudi Arabia from January to the end of February 2022 among COVID-19 vaccine recipients through an online survey. Based on the type of vaccines received, we categorized our participants into two groups - those who received two doses of either the Pfizer or the AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccines, and those who received mixed vaccination regimen (one dose of Pfizer and one dose of AstraZeneca).
RESULTS
The study included 1,340 participants, of which 56.3% received two doses of the Pfizer vaccine while (7%) received two doses of the AstraZeneca vaccine, and 8.8% received mixed vaccines (one dose of the Pfizer vaccine and one dose of the AstraZeneca vaccine). Pain at the injection site was the most frequent local symptom (37.9%) followed by swelling±redness (27.6%). The local adverse reactions were nearly equal in AstraZeneca and Pfizer vaccines, whereas these were significantly lower in those who received mixed doses (p<0.001). Fever was significantly higher in mixed vaccination regimens compared to other types (p<0.001). The male gender who received the Pfizer vaccine were at higher risk of developing an adverse reaction following vaccination. Unusual side effects (sleep disorders, menstrual irregularities, and symptoms suggestive of diabetic neuropathy) were also reported.
CONCLUSION
The results suggest the overall safety of Pfizer and AstraZeneca vaccines as well as the mixed vaccination protocol. A heterologous regimen was associated with fewer side effects compared to homologous vaccines. Further studies are needed to assess the long-term side effects.
背景
沙特阿拉伯已经开展了大量关于2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）疫苗接种安全性的研究。尽管比较不同疫苗副作用的证据较少，且其中一些研究了混合不同疫苗平台的副作用。
目的
本研究旨在根据所接种疫苗的类型和平台评估COVID-19疫苗接种后不良反应的类型和严重程度，并确定导致这些副作用发生的因素。
方法
本横断面比较研究于2022年1月至2月在沙特阿拉伯对COVID-19疫苗接种者进行了一项在线调查。根据所接种疫苗的类型，我们将参与者分为两组——接受两剂辉瑞或阿斯利康COVID-19疫苗的人，以及接受混合疫苗接种方案（一剂辉瑞和一剂阿斯利康）的人。
结果
该研究纳入了1340名参与者，其中56.3%的人接受了两剂辉瑞疫苗，7%的人接受了两剂阿斯利康疫苗，8.8% 的人接受了混合疫苗（一剂辉瑞疫苗和一剂阿斯利康疫苗）。注射部位疼痛是最常见的局部症状（37.9%），其次是肿胀±发红（27.6%）。阿斯利康和辉瑞疫苗的局部不良反应几乎相同，而接受混合剂量的人则明显更低（p<0.001）。与其他类型相比，混合疫苗接种方案中的发热明显更高（p<0.001）。接种辉瑞疫苗的男性在接种后发生不良反应的风险更高。还报告了异常副作用（睡眠障碍、月经不调以及提示糖尿病神经病变的症状）。
结论
结果表明辉瑞和阿斯利康疫苗以及混合疫苗接种方案总体安全。与同源疫苗相比，异源接种方案的副作用更少。需要进一步研究来评估长期副作用。
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