Acosta-Coley Isabel, Cervantes-Ceballos Leonor, Tejeda-Benítez Lesly, Sierra-Márquez Lucellys, Cabarcas-Montalvo María, García-Espiñeira María, Coronell-Rodríguez Wilfrido, Arroyo-Salgado Bárbara
Biomedics, Toxicology and Environmental Research Group-BIOTOXAM, Cartagena, Colombia.
School of Medicine, Zaragocilla. Diag, 50 # 14-60. Laboratory Block No. 108 - No. 106, Cartagena de Indias, Colombia.
Trop Dis Travel Med Vaccines. 2022 Aug 15;8(1):20. doi: 10.1186/s40794-022-00176-4.
The novel SARS-CoV-2, responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic, is the third zoonotic coronavirus since the beginning of the 21 first century, and it has taken more than 6 million human lives because of the lack of immunity causing global economic losses. Consequently, developing a vaccine against the virus represents the fastest way to finish the threat and regain some "normality."
Here, we provide information about the main features of the most important vaccine platforms, some of them already approved, to clear common doubts fostered by widespread misinformation and to reassure the public of the safety of the vaccination process and the different alternatives presented.
Articles published in open access databases until January 2022 were identified using the search terms "SARS-CoV-2," "COVID-19," "Coronavirus," "COVID-19 Vaccines," "Pandemic," COVID-19, and LMICs or their combinations.
Traditional first-generation vaccine platforms, such as whole virus vaccines (live attenuated and inactivated virus vaccines), as well as second-generation vaccines, like protein-based vaccines (subunit and viral vector vaccines), and third-generation vaccines, such as nanoparticle and genetic vaccines (mRNA vaccines), are described.
SARS-CoV-2 sequence information obtained in a record time provided the basis for the fast development of a COVID-19 vaccine. The adaptability characteristic of the new generation of vaccines is changing our capability to react to emerging threats to future pandemics. Nevertheless, the slow and unfair distribution of vaccines to low- and middle-income countries and the spread of misinformation are a menace to global health since the unvaccinated will increase the chances for resurgences and the surge of new variants that can escape the current vaccines.
引发新冠疫情的新型严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）是21世纪初以来出现的第三种人畜共患冠状病毒，由于缺乏免疫力，它已导致600多万人丧生，并造成全球经济损失。因此，研发针对该病毒的疫苗是消除这一威胁并恢复某种“正常状态”的最快途径。
在此，我们提供有关最重要疫苗平台主要特征的信息，其中一些疫苗已获批准，以消除广泛存在的错误信息所引发的常见疑虑，并向公众保证疫苗接种过程的安全性以及所提供的不同选择。
使用搜索词“SARS-CoV-2”“COVID-19”“冠状病毒”“COVID-19疫苗”“大流行”“COVID-19”以及“低收入和中等收入国家”或其组合，识别截至2022年1月在开放获取数据库中发表的文章。
描述了传统的第一代疫苗平台，如全病毒疫苗（减毒活疫苗和灭活病毒疫苗），以及第二代疫苗，如基于蛋白质的疫苗（亚单位疫苗和病毒载体疫苗），还有第三代疫苗，如纳米颗粒疫苗和基因疫苗（mRNA疫苗）。
在创纪录时间内获取的SARS-CoV-2序列信息为快速研发COVID-19疫苗提供了基础。新一代疫苗的适应性特征正在改变我们应对未来大流行新出现威胁的能力。然而，疫苗向低收入和中等收入国家的缓慢且不公平分配以及错误信息的传播对全球健康构成威胁，因为未接种疫苗者将增加疫情复发以及出现能逃避现有疫苗的新变种的可能性。
