McAdams D P, Bryant F B
Department of Psychology, Loyola University of Chicago, IL 60626.
J Pers. 1987 Sep;55(3):395-413. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-6494.1987.tb00444.x.
Over 1,200 adults in a representative nationwide sample were administered the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) and an unstructured interview which produced 25 measures of subjective mental health and ultimately six factor scores: unhappiness, lack of gratification, strain, feelings of vulnerability, lack of self-confidence, and uncertainty. The TATs were scored for intimacy motivation (McAdams, 1980)--a recurrent preference or readiness for experiences of warm, close, and communicative interaction with others. Controlling for age, education, and their interaction, high intimacy motivation in women was associated with greater happiness and gratification, whereas in men it was associated with lack of strain and lack of uncertainty. Women high in intimacy motivation who were living alone reported lower levels of gratification and more uncertainty in their lives than other women. Intimacy motivation also declined significantly over the life span for women, but not for men. Finally, demographic effects on intimacy motivation were examined. Controlling for age, education, and their interaction, professional men (e.g., doctors, lawyers, and teachers) scored higher on intimacy motivation than did men in other occupational categories, while among women the occupational groups with highest intimacy motivation were service workers and craftspersons.
在一个具有全国代表性的样本中，超过1200名成年人接受了主题统觉测验（TAT）和一次无结构化访谈，该访谈产生了25项主观心理健康指标，最终得出六个因素得分：不快乐、缺乏满足感、压力、易受伤害感、缺乏自信和不确定性。对TAT进行亲密动机评分（麦克亚当斯，1980年）——一种对与他人进行温暖、亲密和交流互动体验的反复偏好或准备状态。在控制年龄、教育程度及其交互作用后，女性的高亲密动机与更高的幸福感和满足感相关，而在男性中，它与缺乏压力和缺乏不确定性相关。亲密动机高的独居女性报告的生活满足感水平低于其他女性，且生活中的不确定性更多。亲密动机在女性的一生中也显著下降，但在男性中并非如此。最后，研究了人口统计学对亲密动机的影响。在控制年龄、教育程度及其交互作用后，职业男性（如医生、律师和教师）在亲密动机上的得分高于其他职业类别的男性，而在女性中，亲密动机最高的职业群体是服务工作者和手工艺人。
