Pagel M D, Erdly W W, Becker J
Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle 98195.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 1987 Oct;53(4):793-804. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.53.4.793.
Studies of social support networks have almost exclusively measured only their positive aspects. In this research, we investigated both the helpful or positive and the upsetting or negative aspects of social networks in a longitudinal study of spouses caring for a husband or wife with Alzheimer's disease, a progressive senile dementia. Measures of helpful and upsetting aspects of the care givers' networks, derived from interviews and daily interaction ratings, were studied for their relations with overall network satisfaction and depression at an initial interview period (n = 68) and at a follow-up period about 10 months later (n = 38). Results from hierarchical multiple regression analyses, in which care givers' age and sex and a measure of the spouses' health status were controlled, showed that the care givers' degree of upset with their networks was strongly associated with lower network satisfaction and increased depression at both time periods. Helpful aspects bore little or no direct relation to either depression or network satisfaction. Helpful aspects of the network did, however, interact with network upset in predicting network satisfaction, and depression (combined probabilities test, p less than .05). Longitudinal predictions of follow-up depression, after age, sex, care givers' health status, and initial depression levels were controlled, showed that changes in upsetting aspects of one's network were predictive of changes in depression over time. We interpreted these results within an attributional framework that emphasizes the salience of upsetting events within a social network.
对社会支持网络的研究几乎只关注其积极方面。在本研究中，我们在一项针对照顾患阿尔茨海默病（一种进行性老年痴呆症）配偶的纵向研究中，调查了社会网络的有益或积极方面以及令人苦恼或消极方面。通过访谈和日常互动评分得出的照顾者网络有益和令人苦恼方面的指标，在初始访谈阶段（n = 68）和大约10个月后的随访阶段（n = 38），被用于研究它们与总体网络满意度和抑郁之间的关系。分层多元回归分析结果显示，在控制了照顾者的年龄、性别以及配偶健康状况指标后，照顾者对其网络的苦恼程度在两个时间段都与较低的网络满意度和更高的抑郁程度密切相关。有益方面与抑郁或网络满意度几乎没有直接关系。然而，网络的有益方面在预测网络满意度和抑郁时，确实与网络苦恼存在交互作用（联合概率检验，p小于0.05）。在控制了年龄、性别、照顾者健康状况和初始抑郁水平后，对随访抑郁的纵向预测表明，个人网络中令人苦恼方面的变化可预测抑郁随时间的变化。我们在一个强调社会网络中令人苦恼事件显著性的归因框架内对这些结果进行了解释。
