Kiecolt-Glaser J K, Dyer C S, Shuttleworth E C
Department of Psychiatry, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus 43210.
Am J Community Psychol. 1988 Dec;16(6):825-37. doi: 10.1007/BF00930895.
Although several studies have suggested that negative aspects of relationships have a greater impact on mood than positive elements, the individuals in these studies have been victims of life crises. To assess the generality of these findings, social support and mood data were collected from two well-matched groups that differed with respect to the presence of a chronic stressor in their lives. The 34 family care-givers for Alzheimer's disease victims and 34 comparison persons (non-care-givers) did not differ in the frequency of contacts, the closeness of their relationships, or ratings of the helpfulness or upset associated with the relationships. However, while upset accounted for a significant portion of the variance in care-givers' depressive symptoms in regression equations, neither upset nor helpfulness was significantly related to mood in non-care-givers. Care-givers whose relatives had more symptomatic Alzheimer's disease behaviors were more distressed and described their relationships with others as more upsetting. Implications for interventions and for the contextual importance of upsetting or negative support are discussed.
尽管多项研究表明人际关系的消极方面对情绪的影响比积极因素更大，但这些研究中的个体都是生活危机的受害者。为了评估这些发现的普遍性，我们从两个匹配良好的群体中收集了社会支持和情绪数据，这两个群体在生活中是否存在慢性应激源方面存在差异。34名阿尔茨海默病患者的家庭护理人员和34名对照人员（非护理人员）在接触频率、关系亲密度或与关系相关的帮助程度或困扰程度评分方面没有差异。然而，在回归方程中，困扰在护理人员抑郁症状的方差中占了很大一部分，而在非护理人员中，困扰和帮助程度与情绪均无显著关联。亲属有更多阿尔茨海默病症状行为的护理人员更苦恼，他们将自己与他人的关系描述为更令人心烦意乱。文中还讨论了干预措施以及令人心烦或消极支持的情境重要性的相关含义。
