Bucci Diego, Spinaci Marcella, Bustamante-Filho Ivan Cunha, Nesci Salvatore
Department of Veterinay Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
Universidade do Vale do Taquari, Lajeado, RS, Brasil.
Anim Reprod. 2023 Feb 13;19(4):e20220131. doi: 10.1590/1984-3143-AR2022-0131. eCollection 2022.
Sperm cells rely on different substrates to fulfil thei energy demand for different functions and diverse moments of their life. Species specific mechanism involve both energy substrate transport and their utilization: hexose transporters, a protein family of facilitative passive transporters of glucose and other hexose, have been identified in spermatozoa of different species and, within the species, their localization has been identified and, in some cases, linked to specific glycilitic enzyme presence. The catabolism of hexose sources for energy purposes has been studied in various species, and recent advances has been made in the knowledge of metabolic strategies of sperm cells. In particular, the importance of aerobic metabolism has been defined and described in horse, boar and even mouse spermatozoa; bull sperm cells demonstrate to have a good adaptability and capacity to switch between glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation; finally, dog sperm cells have been demonstrated to have a great plasticity in energy metabolism management, being also able to activate the anabolic pathway of glycogen syntesis. In conclusion, the study of energy management and mitochondrial function in spermatozoa of different specie furnishes important base knowledge to define new media for preservation as well as newbases for reproductive biotechnologies.
精子细胞依靠不同的底物来满足其在不同功能和生命不同阶段的能量需求。物种特异性机制涉及能量底物的运输及其利用：己糖转运蛋白是一类促进葡萄糖和其他己糖被动转运的蛋白质家族，已在不同物种的精子中被鉴定出来，并且在物种内部，它们的定位也已确定，在某些情况下，还与特定糖酵解酶的存在有关。已对各种物种中用于能量目的的己糖来源的分解代谢进行了研究，并且在精子细胞代谢策略的知识方面取得了最新进展。特别是，已确定并描述了马、猪甚至小鼠精子中需氧代谢的重要性；公牛精子细胞表现出良好的适应性以及在糖酵解和氧化磷酸化之间切换的能力；最后，已证明狗精子细胞在能量代谢管理方面具有很大的可塑性，还能够激活糖原合成的合成代谢途径。总之，对不同物种精子中能量管理和线粒体功能的研究为定义新的保存介质以及生殖生物技术的新基础提供了重要的基础知识。
