Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
J Nutr. 2023 May;153(5):1483-1492. doi: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.02.021. Epub 2023 Feb 22.
Metabolomics approaches have been widely used to define the consumption of foods but have less often been used to study exposure to dietary supplements.
This study aimed to identify dietary supplements associated with metabolite levels and to examine whether these metabolites predicted incident diabetes risk.
We studied 3972 participants from a prospective cohort study of 18-74-y-old Hispanic/Latino adults. At a baseline examination, we ascertained use of dietary supplements using recall methods and concurrently, a serum metabolomic panel. After adjustment for potential confounders, we identified dietary supplements associated with metabolites. We then examined the association of these metabolites with incident diabetes at the 6-y study examination.
We observed a total of 110 dietary supplement-metabolite associations that met the criteria for statistical significance adjusted for age, sex, field center, Hispanic/Latino background, body mass index, diet, smoking, physical activity, and number of medications (adjusted P < 0.05). This included 13 metabolites uniquely associated with only one dietary supplement ingredient. Vitamin C had the most associated metabolites (n = 15), including positive associations with oxalate, tartronate, threonate, and isocitrate, which were each in turn protective for the risk of incident diabetes. Vitamin C was also associated with higher N-acetylvaline level, which was an unfavorable diabetes risk factor. Other findings related to branched chain amino acid related compounds including α-hydroxyisovalerate and 2-hydroxy-3-methylvalerate, which were inversely associated with thiamine or riboflavin intake and also predicted higher diabetes risk. Vitamin B12 had an inverse association with γ-glutamylvaline, levels of which were positively associated with the risk of diabetes.
Our data point to potential metabolite changes associated with vitamin C and B vitamins, which may have favorable metabolic effects. Knowledge of blood metabolites that can be modified by dietary supplement intake may aid understanding the health effects of dietary supplements and identify potential biological mediators.
代谢组学方法已被广泛用于定义食物的摄入量，但较少用于研究膳食补充剂的暴露情况。
本研究旨在确定与代谢物水平相关的膳食补充剂，并研究这些代谢物是否可预测糖尿病的发病风险。
我们研究了来自一项 18-74 岁西班牙裔/拉丁裔成年人的前瞻性队列研究的 3972 名参与者。在基线检查时，我们通过回忆法确定膳食补充剂的使用情况，并同时进行血清代谢组学检测。在调整潜在混杂因素后，我们确定了与代谢物相关的膳食补充剂。然后，我们检查了这些代谢物与 6 年研究检查时新发糖尿病的相关性。
我们共观察到 110 种膳食补充剂-代谢物关联，这些关联在经过年龄、性别、研究中心、西班牙裔/拉丁裔背景、体重指数、饮食、吸烟、身体活动和用药数量调整后具有统计学意义（调整后的 P < 0.05）。这包括仅与一种膳食补充剂成分相关的 13 种独特代谢物。维生素 C 具有最多的相关代谢物（n = 15），包括与草酸盐、酒石酸盐、 threonate 和异柠檬酸的正相关，而这些代谢物反过来又可降低新发糖尿病的风险。维生素 C 还与较高的 N-乙酰缬氨酸水平相关，而后者是糖尿病发病的不利风险因素。其他与支链氨基酸相关化合物相关的发现包括 α-羟基异戊酸和 2-羟基-3-甲基戊酸，它们与硫胺素或核黄素的摄入呈负相关，也预示着更高的糖尿病发病风险。维生素 B12 与 γ-谷氨酰缬氨酸呈负相关，而后者的水平与糖尿病的发病风险呈正相关。
我们的数据表明，维生素 C 和 B 族维生素的摄入可能与潜在的代谢物变化相关，这些变化可能具有良好的代谢作用。了解可通过膳食补充剂摄入而改变的血液代谢物可能有助于了解膳食补充剂的健康影响，并确定潜在的生物学介质。
