Guimarães-Marques Giselle Moura, de Jesus Bentes Adriano, Formiga Kyara Martins, da Silva Batista Jacqueline
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética, Conservação e Biologia Evolutiva (PPG-GCBEv/INPA), Laboratório Temático de Biologia Molecular (LTBM), Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Manaus, AM, Brazil.
Laboratório Temático de Biologia Molecular (LTBM), Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Manaus, AM, Brazil.
Mol Biol Rep. 2023 Apr;50(4):3957-3962. doi: 10.1007/s11033-023-08284-w. Epub 2023 Feb 24.
The genus Hypophthalmus comprises six species (H. edentatus, H. marginatus, H. fimbriatus, and H. oremaculatus), and the recently described: H. donascimientoi and H. celiae. The popular name for Hypophthalmus spp. in Brazil is mapará, this name refers to the six species. This group of fish has commercial importance for the states of Amazonas and Pará and, for this reason, requires studies to identify fish stocks. One approach is to use molecular markers, which have been very useful in studies with identification and population analysis of fish. Microsatellite molecular markers (SSRs) are one of the most informative markers for this purpose. There is little populations study of Hypophthalmus using SSRs, and there are less than six loci for the species Hypophthalmus marginatus available in the literature. With the construction of a genomic library of H. donascimientoi, we aimed to isolate and characterize SSRS markers and evaluate the extent of interspecific amplification.
A genomic library was constructed with regions enriched of microsatellite for Hypophthalmus donascimientoi. A total of 126 contigs with 42 SSRs were used to design flanking primers for 39 microsatellites. Fifteen loci were characterized in three locations of the Solimões/Amazonas Rivers. The number of alleles ranged from one to 17 with a total of 126 alleles. The mean observed heterozygosity (H) and expected heterozygosity (H) were 0.721-0.692, respectively (S.d. H 0.061 and H 0.060). Two loci showed significant deviation in the HWE. The PIC ranged from 0.375 to 0.908. Such identified, 12 highly informative loci, and two moderately informative loci. Among the fifteen loci characterized, seven were successfully amplified in four other species of the genus.
The microsatellite showed promise for estimating the genetic variability of H. donascimientoi and can be used as an efficient tool in population analyses of this species and in congeneric species analyzed.
下眼鲶属包含六个物种（无齿下眼鲶、缘边下眼鲶、缨边下眼鲶和眼斑下眼鲶），以及最近描述的多氏下眼鲶和塞氏下眼鲶。在巴西，下眼鲶属鱼类的通用名称是“mapará”，这个名称指的是这六个物种。这组鱼类对亚马孙州和帕拉州具有商业重要性，因此，需要开展研究来识别鱼类种群。一种方法是使用分子标记，分子标记在鱼类识别和种群分析研究中非常有用。微卫星分子标记（SSRs）是用于此目的最具信息性的标记之一。关于下眼鲶属使用SSRs的种群研究很少，并且文献中缘边下眼鲶物种可用的位点不到六个。通过构建多氏下眼鲶的基因组文库，我们旨在分离和表征SSRS标记，并评估种间扩增程度。
构建了一个富含微卫星区域的多氏下眼鲶基因组文库。总共126个含有42个SSRs的重叠群用于设计39个微卫星的侧翼引物。在索利蒙伊斯河/亚马孙河的三个地点对15个位点进行了表征。等位基因数量从1到17不等，共有126个等位基因。观察到的平均杂合度（H）和预期杂合度（H）分别为0.721 - 0.692（标准差H为0.061，H为0.060）。两个位点在哈迪 - 温伯格平衡（HWE）中显示出显著偏差。多态信息含量（PIC）范围为0.375至0.908。如此确定了12个高信息位点和2个中等信息位点。在表征的15个位点中，有7个在该属的其他四个物种中成功扩增。
微卫星显示出有望用于估计多氏下眼鲶的遗传变异性，并可作为该物种以及所分析的同属物种种群分析的有效工具。
